调教训练对伊犁马1600 m测试赛成绩及心率变异性的影响

The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【目的】本研究旨在分析不同训练阶段对伊犁马成绩及心率变异性(HRV)的影响,为1600 m途程伊犁马的调教训练提供数据参考。【方法】选取3岁伊犁马(公马)8匹为试验对象,通过开展为期3个月的速度专项性能训练,在训练每个月的最后1周组织1600 m速度测试赛,采集马测试赛的赛前、赛后即刻、赛后0.5 h、赛后1 h HRV时域指标:全部R-R间期的平均值(Mean RR)、全部R-R间距的标准差(SDNN)、平均心率(Mean HR)、相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻R-R间距差大于50 ms的个数(NN50)、相邻R-R间距差大于50 ms的个数占总心跳次数的百分比(pNN50),频域指标:极低频率(VLF)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)及非线性指标:全部R-R间距的标准差(Y)(SD1)、全部R-R间距的标准差(X)(SD2),分析不同训练阶段马HRV指标的差异性。【结果】伊犁马1600 m速度测试赛中训练后期比赛用时显著低于训练初期(P<0.05),训练中、后期Mean RR、NN50、pNN50均显著低于训练初期(P<0.05);训练初期Mean HR显著低于训练后期(P<0.05);训练后期VLF、LF显著低于训练初期(P<0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,通过对不同调教训练阶段伊犁马1600 m测试赛HRV指标进行分析表明,训练初、中、后期伊犁马神经活动类型有一定差异,呈现交感神经兴奋性增强、副交感神经兴奋性减弱的变化,马运动成绩提升,因此HRV可作为评价伊犁马训练期间训练负荷及强度的有效手段。

【Objective】The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV)of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】Eight 3-year-old Yili horses(stallions)were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted,and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training,and HRV was collected before,immediately after,0.5 h after,and 1 h after 1600 m test race.Among them,the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals(Mean RR),the standard deviation of all R-R intervals(SDNN),the mean heart rate(Mean HR),the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals(RMSSD),the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms(NN50),and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats(pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency(VLF),low frequency power(LF),high frequency power(HF)and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation(Y)of all R-R-spacing(SD1),standard deviation(X)of all R-R-spacing(SD2).Consequently,the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】The race time in the post training period in 1600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period(P<0.05),and Mean RR,NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period(P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training(P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this test,the HRV indexes of 1600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning,middle and end of training presented some differences,showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability,and the horses’athletic performance improved.Therefore,HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.