槲皮素的生理功能及其在鸡生产上的应用

Physiological Function of Quercetin and Its Application in Chickens Production

槲皮素是一种天然的黄酮类有机化合物,其自然资源丰富、安全无毒,具有多种生理功能:如可直接清除细胞内的自由基,激活抗氧化酶系统,抑制氧化应激通路的信号转导,发挥抗氧化功能;可通过抑制炎症通路的激活、降低白细胞活化来限制炎症因子产生,从而起到抗炎功效;可通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、迁徙和入侵促进其细胞凋亡,发挥抗肿瘤的作用;还可破坏潜在致病菌菌体细胞壁和细胞膜的结构、阻碍潜在致病菌的蛋白质和核酸合成,竞争菌体内的ATP结合位点等生物膜形成有关的途径,发挥抗菌功能。在鸡生产中,槲皮素可通过增加回肠对营养物质的转运和吸收减少肠道氧化应激引起的损伤,进而改善肉鸡的生长;可通过促进蛋鸡生殖器官发育以及生殖和生长相关激素分泌来提高产蛋性能;可提高鸡蛋和鸡肉品质;调节机体钙、蛋白质和脂代谢;改善机体免疫功能;调控肠道微生物区系。作者就槲皮素抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌等重要生理功能及其作用机制,以及近些年槲皮素在鸡生产中的应用进展进行综述,以期为促进槲皮素在鸡生产上的应用及其在鸡饲料中的开发提供理论依据。

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid organic compound,which is rich in natural resources,safe and non-toxic.Quercetin has many physiological functions:It can directly remove free radicals in cells,activate antioxidant enzyme system,inhibit signal transduction of oxidative stress pathway,and subsequently exert antioxidant function.It can limit the production of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of inflammatory pathways and reducing the activation of white blood cells,and thus achieve the anti-inflammatory effect.It can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of tumor cells,promote their apoptosis and finally play an important role in anti-tumor.It can exert antibacterial function by blocking the ways related to biofilm formation of potential pathogenic bacteria,such as the destruction of the cell wall and cell membrane structure,the synthesis of protein and nucleic acid and the binding of ATP.In the application of chickens production,quercetin can improve the growth of broilers by increasing the transport and absorption of nutrients in ileum and reducing the damage caused by intestinal oxidative stress.It can improve the laying performance by promoting the development of reproductive organs of laying hens and enhancing the secretion of reproductive and growth-related hormones.It can improve the product quality of eggs and chickens,regulate the metabolism of calcium,protein and lipid,improve the immune function of organism,and regulate the intestinal microflora.The authors reviewed the important physiological functions of quercetin,such as antioxidation,anti-inflammation and antibacterial actions and underlying mechanisms,as well as the application progress of quercetin in chickens production in recent years,in order to provide theoretical basis for promoting the application of quercetin in chickens production and the development in chicken feed.