发酵中药对蛋鸡生长性能、抗体水平及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine on the Growth Performance,Antibody Level and Intestinal Flora of Laying Hens

【目的】研究发酵中药对蛋鸡生长性能、抗体水平和肠道微生物菌群的影响。【方法】选用1日龄科宝蛋鸡84只,预饲至13日龄,于14日龄进行正式试验,将雏鸡随机分为7组,每组单笼饲养,每笼12只,分别为空白对照组(A组),复方中药组(B组),发酵中药低剂量组(C组)、中剂量组(D组)、高剂量组(E组),发酵菌液组(F组),对照药物黄芪多糖组(G组)。试验期间记录每日给料量与剩料量,于试验第1(14日龄)、14(28日龄)、28(42日龄)天清晨空腹称重,计算各阶段平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比。于试验第7、14、21、28天每组鸡翅下静脉采血,用于抗体效价的检测。试验结束后对A、B、D、F、G组鸡进行剖检,每组取5只鸡的盲肠内容物进行高通量测序分析。【结果】试验第1~14天,D、E组平均日采食量均极显著高于A、F、G组(P<0.01),D、E组平均日增重极显著或显著高于A、F组(P<0.01;P<0.05);F、G组料重比均极显著低于其他各组(P<0.01)。试验第15~28天,C、E组平均日采食量均显著高于B、F组(P<0.05),B组平均日增重极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),E组显著高于A组(P<0.05);B组料重比极显著低于其他各组(P<0.01),D、E、F、G组料重比均极显著低于A组(P<0.01)。试验第7天,各组鸡血清抗体效价均无显著差异(P>0.05);试验第14天,E组抗体水平均显著高于A、F、G组(P<0.05);试验第21和28天,E组抗体水平显著高于A组(P<0.05)。D组Chao1和Observed species指数最高,但与其他组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在门水平上,D和G组盲肠中拟杆菌门相对丰度均显著高于A组(P<0.05);在属水平上,D组盲肠中拟杆菌属相对丰度均显著高于A组(P<0.05)。【结论】发酵中药可以提高鸡的生长性能和抗体水平,对肠道菌群有明显的调控作用。

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of fermented traditional Chinese medicinal on the growth performance,antibody level and intestinal flora of layer hens.【Method】841 day old Cobb laying hens were selected and pre fed to 13 days old.The formal experiment was conducted at 14 days old.The chickens were randomly divided into 7 groups,each group was raised in a single cage,with 12 per cage.They were blank control group(group A),compound traditional Chinese medicine group(group B),low-dose fermented traditional Chinese medicine group(group C),middle-dose fermented traditional Chinese medicine group(group D),high-dose fermented traditional Chinese medicine group(group E),fermentation broth group(group F)and control drug Astragalus polysaccharide group(group G).The daily feed and leftover was recorded at each stage during the test.The chicks were weighed on an empty stomach in the early morning on the 1st(14 days of age),14th(28 days of age)and 28th(42 days of age)days,and the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI)and feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)were calculated at each stage.On the 7th,14th,21st and 28th days of the experiment,blood was collected from the veins of chicken wings in each group for the detection of antibody titer.At the end of the experiment,the chickens of groups A,B,D,F and G were subjected to necropsy,the cecal contents of 5 chickens in each group were subjected to high-throughput sequencing analysis.【Result】During the 1st to 14th day,the ADFI of groups D and E were extremely significantly higher than that of groups A,F and G(P<0.01),the ADG of group E and D were extremely significantly or significantly higher than that of groups A and F(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The F/G of groups F and G were extremely significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.01).During the 15th to 28th day,the ADFI of groups C and E were significantly higher than that of groups B and F(P<0.05),the ADG of group B was extremely significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.01),and the ADG of group E was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05).The F/G of group B was extremely significantly lower than that of other groups,and the F/G of groups D,E,F and G were extremely significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.01).On the 7th day,there was no significant difference of serum antibody titer in chickens in each group(P>0.05).On the 14th day,the antibody level of group E was significantly higher than that of groups A,F and G(P<0.05).On the 21st and 28th days,the antibody level of group E was significantly higher than taht of group A(P<0.05).Group D had the highest Chao1 and Observed species indexes,but had no significant relationship with the other groups(P>0.05).At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in cecum of groups D and G were significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Bacteroides in cecum of group D was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Fermented traditional Chinese medicine could improve the growth performance and antibody level of chickens,and it also had a significant regulatory effect on the intestinal flora.