牛繁殖性状候选基因研究进展

Research Progress on Candidate Genes of Cattle Reproductive Traits

繁殖性状是牛(Bos taurus)重要的经济性状,与生产成本、经济效益密切相关。繁殖相关的主要性状包含精液品质、卵泡发生、排卵、胚胎发育、产犊难易、产犊间隔等,其表现通常受到基因的严格调控。对繁殖性状的重要基因功能深入挖掘和筛选对于牛的改良和选育、提高生产性能、节约生产成本至关重要。文章介绍了国内外关于牛繁殖性状基因的研究进展,如促黄体素受体(luteinizing hormone receptor,LHR)及牛精子鞭毛2(sperm flagella 2,SPEF2)与精液品质相关,促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)、促卵泡素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、促黄体激素(luteinizing hormone,LH)及抗缪勒氏管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)、骨形态发生蛋白15(bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15)、生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)与卵泡发生、排卵相关,JY-1、尾型同源框2(caudal type homeobox 2,CDX2)及冠毛素2(pappalysin 2,PAPP-A2)与早期胚胎发育及产犊难易相关,唾液酸结合Ig样凝集素5(sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5,SIGLEC5)、CXC基序趋化因子受体1(C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1,CXCR1)及叉头转录因子O1(forkhead box O1,FoxO1)与产犊间隔相关,作者通过综述以上重要繁殖性状相关基因的研究,介绍了这些繁殖性状重要基因对牛生产性能的影响,以期为牛繁殖性状相关调控基因的研究提供参考依据。

Reproductive traits are important economic traits of Bos taurus,which are closely related to production costs and economic benefits.The main reproductive traits include semen quality,follicular development,ovulation,embryo development,calving difficulty,calving interval,etc.The performance of reproductive traits is usually strictly controlled by genes.In-depth excavation and screening of gene functions of important reproductive traits is very important for cattle improvement and breeding,improving production performance and saving production cost.In this paper,the research progress of cattle reproductive traits genes at home and abroad were introduced,such as luteinizing hormone receptor(LHR)and sperm flagella 2(SPEF2)are related to semen quality;Gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH)and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),bone morphogenetic protein 15(BMP15),growth differentiation factor 9(GDF9)are related to follicular formation and ovulation;JY-1,caudal type homeobox 2(CDX2)and pappalisin 2(PAPP-A2)are related to the early embryo development and the difficulty of calving;Sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5(SIGLEC5),CXC motif chemokine receptor 1(CXCR1)and forkhead box O1(FoxO1)are related to calving interval.By summarizing the research on these important reproductive traits related genes,the author introduced the influence of these important reproductive traits genes on cattle production performance,in order to provide theoretical reference for the research on related regulatory factors affecting cattle reproductive traits.