苯乙胺类新精神活性物质及其代谢研究进展

Research Progress on New Psychoactive Substances of Phenethylamines and Their Metabolism

苯乙胺类新精神活性物质是世界第三大合成类毒品,具有兴奋与致幻的双重作用。该类物质结构变幻莫测,通过结构修饰衍生出了2C、苯丙胺类、DOX、NBOMe、FLY等系列化合物,其危害性远远高于传统类型毒品,严重威胁个体健康和公共安全。随着苯乙胺类新精神活性物质结构的不断变化,对于该类物质的代谢研究也受到越来越多的关注。各种体内外代谢模型和液相色谱-高分辨质谱的应用使苯乙胺类新精神活性物质在人体内的代谢过程逐渐清晰,极大地丰富了该类物质的代谢数据,涉及的生物转化反应主要包括氧化脱氨、O-脱甲基化、N-乙酰化、羟基化等。通过对苯乙胺类新精神活性物质的结构、分类及其相关的代谢模型、代谢物分析方法、代谢产物鉴定等方面进行综述,以期为该类物质的滥用监测提供基础数据。

New psychoactive substances of phenethylamines are the third synthetic drugs in the world,which have the dual effects of excitement and hallucination.The structure of this type of substance is unpredictable,and a series of compounds such as 2C,amphetamines,DOX,NBOMe,and FLY have been derived through structural modification.They are far more harmful than traditional drugs and seriously threaten individual health and public safety.With the continuous changes in the structure of new psychoactive substances of phenethylamines,more and more attention has been paid to the metabolism of these substances.The application of various in vivo and in vitro metabolism models and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry has gradually clarified the metabolic process of new psychoactive substances of phenethylamines in human body,which has greatly enriched the metabolic data of these substances.The biotransformation reactions involved mainly include oxidative deamination,O-demethylation,N-acetylation,hydroxylation and so on.This article reviews the structure,classification and related metabolic models,metabolite analysis methods,and metabolites identification of new psychoactive substances of phenethylamines,in order to provide basic data for the abuse monitoring of these substances.