中国高速列车被动安全技术研究进展及思考

Advances and prospect on passive safety technology for Chinese high-speed trains

从中国高速列车被动安全技术发展的切实需求与主要进程入手,重点阐述中国高速列车被动安全技术及工程化的总体思路,阐述列车碰撞响应、结构设计、装置研发、高效仿真优化、系统试验验证的具体过程,归纳列车耐撞设计所突破的能量管理、材料动态模拟、高效吸能方法、纠偏/防偏复合吸能导向、刚度匹配与力级分区、大系统集成、列车级评估等技术要点,建立高速列车碰撞性能仿真与试验的综合评估体系。从车体材料—专用吸能部件—车端大部件—车辆—列车全链条维度,展示高速列车耐撞性技术的工程化路径。最后,面向更高安全碰撞速度、更多样化材料结构、更广域运用条件、更完善评估体系与标准等,展望中国高速列车被动安全技术的发展方向。

Starting from the main development processes of passive safety technology of high-speed trains in China,the overall idea of high-speed train technology in China was emphasized,the specific processes of train collision mechanism,process response,structure design,efficient simulation optimization and systematic experimental verification in detail were described,and the critical problems were summarized,such as energy management,dynamic simulation of materials,development of novel efficient energy-absorbing structure,correction of strong orientation,stiffness matching,integration of big system,train-level evaluation,correlation between simulation and test,etc.The comprehensive evaluation system of high-speed train collision performance simulation and test was gradually established.Combined with the significant design points of material,component,large component and vehicle-train at every level,the engineering path of high-speed train crashworthiness technology was demonstrated.Finally,oriented to higher safe collision speed,more diversified materials and structures,wider application conditions,more complete evaluation system and standards,the development directions of passive safety technology for high-speed trains in China were prospected.