高速列车排障装置安全防护性能演化综述

Review on evolution of safety protection performance of high speed train obstacle deflector

随着高速铁路的大规模发展,列车运行安全性成为人们关注的焦点,排障装置作为高速列车安全保障技术的重要组成部分,其安全防护性能研究成为关键。本文首先回顾排障装置发展历程,对高速列车排障装置的结构演变及国内外相关要求和标准的变化进行分析,指出标准在动态场景负载指标和能量上限要求上有所缺失;其次从排障性能、耐撞性和除雪特性3个方面阐述高速列车排障装置安全防护性能的发展演化过程,提出雪体材料模型的构建对于除雪仿真研究至关重要,开展冲击试验、除雪试验是探究高速列车排障装置力学特性的重要手段;指出将排障、耐撞性和除雪特性进行一体化协同设计及进一步提升高速列车排障装置的综合防护性能是未来研究的重点。

With the large-scale development of high-speed railways,the safety of train operation becomes the focus of attention.As an important part of the high-speed train safety technology,the research on the safety protection performance of obstacle deflector becomes the key.The development history of obstacle deflector was firstly introduced,the structural evolution of obstacle deflector for high-speed trains and changes in related requirements and standards at home and abroad were analyzed.The standards were lacking in dynamic scene load indicators and energy upper limit requirements,and the development and evolution process of the safety protection performance of the high-speed train barrier removal device was elaborated in three aspects:barrier performance,crashworthiness and snow removal characteristics.The construction of the snow material model is very important for the snow removal simulation research.The impact test and snow removal test are important means to explore the mechanical characteristics of the obstacle deflector for high-speed trains.Finally,the integrated collaborative design of obstacle removal,crashworthiness and snow removal characteristics to further improve the comprehensive protection performance of high-speed train obstacle deflector is the focus of future research.