高速列车轴箱轴承故障特征与诊断技术研究

Research on fault characteristics and diagnosis technology of axle box bearing of high speed train

高速列车轴箱轴承作为支撑车轴高速旋转运动的关键部件,其在重承载、高转速、大激扰等复杂多变工况下的可靠和健康运行直接关系着列车行车安全,为此,通过分析高速列车轴箱轴承典型故障形式,对轴箱轴承整车滚动试验及基于振动的故障诊断技术进行研究。首先,基于整车滚动试验台获取轴箱轴承在全运营速度、多类型故障、实际边界条件下的振动响应加速度。然后,对时域冲击识别、频域特征提取和多指标融合故障聚类等振动信号处理方法进行对比与研究,形成和验证有效的高速列车轴箱轴承故障诊断流程与技术,研究行车速度对故障诊断效果的影响,得出轴箱轴承的最佳诊断速度区间和振动数据采集策略。研究结果表明:本文研究结果对高速列车轴箱轴承的在线监测和实时诊断具有一定意义,可促进轴承诊断方法在高速列车上的工程化应用。

The axle box bearing of high-speed train is the key component to support the high-speed rotation of axle,and its reliable and healthy operation under complex and changeable conditions such as heavy load,high speed and large disturbance are directly related to the safety of train.Based on the analysis of typical fault characteristics of axle box bearing in high-speed train,a high speed train full size roller experiment was carried outand vibration based fault diagnosis technology was studied.Firstly,the vibration response acceleration of axle box bearing under full operating speed,multiple types of faults and real boundary conditions were obtained based on a high speed train full size roller rig.Then,the time-domain impact identification,frequency-domain feature extraction and multi index fusion based fault classification methods were compared,and the effective process and technology for the fault diagnosis of high-speed train axle box bearing were formed.Furthermore,the influence of running speed on fault diagnosis was studied,and the best speed range and data acquisition strategy for the diagnosis of axle box bearing were obtained.The results show that the research results have reference significance for the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of axle box bearing,and can promote the engineering application of bearing diagnosis method in high-speed train.