轨道车辆车钩多元载荷识别与测量方法研究

Research on multiple load identification and measurement method for railway vehicle coupler

提出一种温度自补偿组合电桥式的车钩多元载荷测量系统及解耦识别方法。首先,考虑纵向拉伸、点头、摇头弯曲作用下钩体对称面的应变特性,建立基于四钩面应变和、对称钩面应变差感知的纵向拉伸、横向摇头与垂向点头载荷识别理论模型;然后,通过在各钩面布置正交组合应变阵列并进行组桥设计,实现对各钩面的应变四则运算和日照差异导致的温度零漂自适应补偿,并通过温度补偿试验与常规功能桥路进行对比;最后,通过多向加载试验对车钩载荷识别系数进行标定,并对标定的理论模型进行耦合随机加载验证。研究结果表明:该车钩多元载荷测量方法可有效补偿温度漂移,三向载荷的识别精度在2 kN以内,可以满足现场实际工程应用需求。

A temperature self-compensating combined bridge-type hook multivariate load measurement system and decoupling identification method were proposed.Firstly,considering the strain characteristics of the symmetrical surface of the hook body with longitudinal stretching and point/head bending,the theoretical model of longitudinal stretching,lateral shaking head and vertical nodding load recognition based on the strain perception of the four hook surface strains and the symmetrical hook surface strain difference perception was established.And then,the temperature zero drift adaptive compensation caused by the four operations of the strain of each hook surface and the difference in insolation was realized by arranging orthogonal combined strain arrays on each hook surface and the bridge design,and the temperature compensation test results were compared with the conventional functional bridge.Finally,the coupling load identification coefficient was calibrated by multi-directional loading test,and the theoretical model of the calibration was coupled random loading verification.The results show that the multivariate load measurement method of the coupling can effectively compensate for temperature drift,and the recognition accuracy of the three-way load is within 2 kN,which can meet the actual engineering application requirements of the site.