介孔金属有机框架材料吸附水中重金属离子研究进展

Research progress on adsorption of heavy metal ions in water by mesoporous metal organic framework materials

介孔金属有机框架材料(介孔MOFs)相较于传统吸附剂具有孔径大、孔隙率可调、比表面积大、官能团丰富,便于功能化改性修饰等优点,可高效地吸附水体中重金属污染物。本文介绍介孔MOFs的特性、合成策略及四种合成介孔MOFs的方法,重点分析四种方法的介孔形成机理及其所面临的问题,并将四种合成方法的优劣进行了比较。详述介孔MOFs吸附去除水中重金属离子、类重金属阴离子以及放射性金属离子的研究进展;介绍了介孔MOFs在吸附去除重金属离子方面的可重复利用性;阐述介孔MOFs吸附去除水中重金属污染物的作用机理。对介孔MOFs成本高昂、合成条件苛刻、回收利用难等问题提出了优化方向,指出提高介孔MOFs的水稳定性、易回收利用、简便绿色合成技术以及痕量去除将是未来的研究方向。

Compared with traditional adsorbents, mesoporous metal organic frameworks(MOFs) have many advantages, such as large pore size, adjustable porosity, large specific surface area, rich functional groups, convenient for functional modification and so on, which can efficiently adsorb heavy metal pollutants in water. The characteristics, synthesis strategies and four synthesis methods of mesoporous MOFs are introduced in this paper. The formation mechanism of mesoporous MOFs and the problems that those four methods faced are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of four synthesis methods are compared. The research progress of adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions, heavy metal like anions and radioactive metal ions by mesoporous MOFs and the reusability of mesoporous MOFs in adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions is reviewed. The adsorption mechanism of mesoporous MOFs for the removal of heavy metal pollutants in water is described. The optimization direction is put forward for those problems such as high cost, harsh synthesis conditions and difficult recycling. It is pointed out that improving the water stability of mesoporous MOFs, easy recycling, simple green synthesis technology and trace removal will be the research direction in the future.