磁悬浮列车发展现状与展望

Development Status and Prospect of Maglev Train

作为新型轨道交通技术的典型代表,磁悬浮交通具有无机械接触磨损、运行速度高、安全可靠、环境友好等优点,经过60年的发展,正逐渐走向成熟.本文首先对国内外磁悬浮列车的发展历史作了简要回顾;然后,从结构原理、核心技术和应用场景等方面对永磁悬浮、电磁悬浮、电动悬浮和超导钉扎悬浮4大类磁悬浮交通系统进行了详细介绍,对其悬浮特点、悬浮间隙、磁力计算、驱动技术与技术成熟度等进行了阐述,并指出发展时速600公里级高速磁浮列车亟须解决的试验平台搭建、电机控制策略、紧急制动、线路维护、无线传能、无线通信、气动噪声、磁浮道岔等8个关键问题;最后,对超高速真空管道磁悬浮交通系统的研究进展以及需要研究的课题进行了探讨与展望.

As a typical representative of the new rail transit technology, magnetic levitation(maglev) transport has the advantages of no mechanical contact wear, high running speed, being safe and reliable, environmentfriendly and so on. After 60 years of development, maglev transport is gradually becoming mature. Firstly, the developments of maglev trains at home and abroad were reviewed. Subsequently, permanent magnet suspension(PMS), electromagnetic suspension(EMS), electrodynamic suspension(EDS), and high-temperature superconducting pinning levitation(HTSPL) were presented from the structural principles, core technologies, and application fields. Then, the suspension characteristics, suspension gap, electromagnetic force calculation, and technology maturity of these four magnetic levitation modes were described. After that, eight key problems for the development of the 600 km/h high-speed maglev train were proposed which include construction of test platform,motor control strategy, emergency braking, line maintenance, wireless energy transmission, wireless communication, aerodynamic noise, and maglev turnout. Finally, the research progress and the research topics of ultra-high-speed evacuated tube transportation system were discussed and prospected.