美国智库生物安全话语权建构的布迪厄式阐释:以两党生物防御委员会为例

Construction of the Biosecurity Discourse Power of American Think Tanks:Interpretation Based on Pierre Bourdieu's Practice Theory and A Case Study of Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense

[研究目的]美国智库是美国国家生物安全话语生产重要的推动力量,也是国际生物安全话语重要的形塑力量,而现有研究对此关注不多,为了更清晰地了解美国智库在生物安全话语权建构中的作用机制,需要对其话语路径进行全方位的考察。[研究方法]以美国典型智库两党生物防御委员会为例,借鉴布迪厄社会实践理论,梳理该智库生物安全话语生产和传播的动态特征,全面洞悉美国生物智库安全话语权建构的隐性和显性因素,揭示其生物安全话语复杂的社会建构过程。[研究结论]研究发现,两党生物防御委员会通过对智库场域、政策场域和传播场域的战略规划,对文化资本、社会资本与象征资本的有机整合和对美国生物安全惯习的有力延续与强化,动态地解决智库结构与能动之间的二元矛盾,提升智库在生物安全领域的国内和国际话语权。进一步阐述了如何在三个层面提升我国智库在生物安全领域的国内和国际话语权。

[Research purpose]American think tanks are an important driving force for the production of the national biosecurity discourse in the United States and an important shaping force for the international biosecurity discourse.In order to better understand the mechanism of American think tanks in constructing biosecurity discourse power,it is necessary to research its discourse construction paths in an all-round way.[Research method]Taking the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense as an example and using Pierre Bourdieu's social practice theory as the analytical framework,this paper summarizes the dynamic characteristics of the production and dissemination of biosecurity discourse by the think tank,to fully understand the implicit and explicit factors in the construction of the biosecurity discourse power,and disclose the complex social construction process of its biosecurity discourse by the think tank.[Research conclusion]Through strategic planning of the think tank field,policy field,and communications field,the organic integration of cultural capital,social capital and symbolic capital,and the powerful continuation and strengthening of American biosecurity habits,the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense dynamically resolves the binary contradiction between the structure of think tanks and the activity,effectively enhancing the domestic and international discourse power of think tanks in the field of biosecurity.Based on the research,the paper further elaborates how to strengthen the domestic and international discourse power of China's think tanks in the biological security field in three aspects.