重庆动物园圈养猫科动物兽舍的物理环境丰容及其影响

Influence of physical habitat enrichment to captive felidae in Chongqing zoo

[目的]研究重庆动物园圈养猫科动物兽舍的物理环境丰容及其影响。[方法]采用物理环境丰容方法对重庆动物园豹、云豹、金猫和豹猫兽舍进行丰容实践。[结果]金猫和豹猫兽舍植被长势分别为良好和一般,兽舍植物郁闭度达80%以上,豹和云豹兽舍植被长势差,兽舍植物郁闭度均<10%;金猫和豹猫对栖架的破坏(利用)不严重,豹和云豹对栖架的破坏(利用)严重;极端高温晴天时,丰容兽舍林荫下温度比未丰容兽舍(无植被)温度低4~6℃,极端高温天气非晴天时,温度低1~2℃。[结论]大型猫科动物和小型猫科动物在相近小型笼舍中,对笼舍植被和栖架等丰容设施破坏(利用)程度相差较大,需根据相关情况适时进行调整;物理环境丰容有效降低极端高温下兽舍的环境温度,可使动物生活得更舒适,提高了动物福利,值得推广应用。

[Objectives] Physical habitat enrichment was carried out to the captive leopard,clouded leopards.[Methods] Golden cat and leopard cats in Chongqing Zoo.[Results] The vegetation growth in the enclosures of golden cat and leopard cats were good and general,the plant canopy densities in these enclosures were more than 80%,the vegetation growth in the enclosures of leopard and clouded leopards were poor,and the plant canopy densities in these enclosures were less than 10%;golden cat and leopard cats did not seriously destroy and utilize the habitat,while leopard and clouded leopard did seriously destroy and utilize the habitat.In extreme high temperature sunny days,the temperatures under the shade of trees in the enclosures with physical habitat enrichment were about 4-6℃ lower than in the enclosures with non enrichment(without vegetation),while in extreme high temperature weather without sunshine,the temperatures were about 1-2℃ lower.[Conclusions] The damage and utilization of vegetation and perches in the small and similar area enclosures by large felidae and small felidae were quite different,which should be adjusted in time according to relevant conditions.The results also indicated that the abundance of physical habitat enrichment could effectively reduce the environmental temperature of the enclosures in extreme high temperature,and make animals live more comfortable and improve animal welfare,which was worthy of popularization and application.