大学排名中声誉指标的功用与使用

Reputation Index in University Rankings:Function and Use

声誉是表征大学质量的一种符号,也是大学发展的重要资本。伴随排名在高等教育系统中的出现,声誉这种主观认知逐渐被纳入大学排名的指标体系并被赋予了可以测量且可以计算的“客观属性”。经过百年的发展,声誉指标以不同形式存在于现代大学排名体系之中。大学排名中的声誉指标增加了大学排名的合法性,提高了大学排名的有效性,促使大学重视声誉建设。但与此同时,声誉指标使用中存在诸如指标设计缺乏科学依据、声誉调查中存有偏见以及引起大学竞争异化等主要问题。为了更好地发挥大学排名中声誉指标的作用,各利益相关者需要善用声誉指标,这既需要排名机构和所有利益相关者在沟通的基础上形成一定程度的共识,也需要各方的集体行动。

Reputation is not only a symbol of university quality, but also an important capital of university development. With the emergence of rankings in higher education system, reputation, as a subjective cognition,is gradually incorporated into the index system of university ranking and endowed with a measurable and computable“objective attribute”. After a hundred years of development, reputation index exists in different forms in the ranking system of modern universities. The reputation index in university rankings raises the legitimacy and effectiveness of university rankings, and urges universities to attach importance to reputation building. However,at the same time, there are some main problems in the use of reputation index, such as lack of scientific basis in indicator design, prejudice in reputation investigation and alienation of university competition. In order to give full play to the role of reputation index in university rankings, all stakeholders need to make good use of reputation index, which requires not only the ranking institutions and all stakeholders to form a certain degree of consensus on the basis of communication, but also the collective actions of all parties.