美国大学共同治理的特质与挑战

Shared Governance in American Colleges and Universities:Characteristics and Challenges

美国大学共同治理是由董事会、校长、教师群体共同负责学校各项工作。在制度积淀、内部呼吁、立法支持及时代需求的共同推动下,该治理模式得以确立,并在半个世纪的运行中呈现出权责分化、相互制衡、广泛参与及内外兼治的特质。随着美国政府与公众对高等教育的愈发关注,来自政府与公众的资助式干预与问责式干预成为美国大学共同治理的压力与挑战。

The shared governance of American colleges and universities is the joint responsibility of the trustees, president and the faculty. Under the background of longtime autonomy, faculty’s appeal, legal protection and the demand of the time, the shared governance model was established, and in the past 50 years it showed the characteristics of differentiated powers and responsibilities, mutual checks and balances, extensive participation and internal and external governance. As the government and the public pay more attention to higher education, funds intervention and accountability intervention from the government and the public have become the pressure and challenge of the shared governance of American colleges and universities.