板蓝根收获机组合筛面摆动式根土分离装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Combined Swing Radix isatidi Root-soil Separation Device

针对板蓝根收获机作业根土分离率低、根茎伤损率高等问题,设计了组合摆动式板蓝根根土分离装置,阐述了该机整体结构及工作原理。结合板蓝根种植模式及板蓝根收获机的作业要求,通过对筛分过程中组合式筛面根土复合体的动力学分析,确定了影响根土分离效果的主要因素及其取值范围。以根土分离率和根茎伤损率为评价指标,以筛面倾角、曲柄转速、曲柄半径为试验因素,进行二次回归正交旋转组合试验,建立了试验因素与评价指标之间的回归模型,分析了试验因素对评价指标的影响,对组合摆动式板蓝根根土分离装置的结构与工作参数进行优化,结果表明,在筛面倾角为14.94°、曲柄转速为440 r/min、曲柄半径为19.95 mm时,模型得到的根土分离率为97.19%,根茎伤损率为2.66%。对优化后的数据在相同条件下进行田间验证试验,结果表明,根土分离率为96.09%,根茎伤损率为2.75%,满足板蓝根根土分离要求。在相同条件下进行田间对比试验,结果表明,筛条筛板组合式筛面根土分离性能优于全筛条式筛面和全筛板式筛面。

In order to slove the problem of low root-soil separation rate and high damage rate of rhizome effect of Radix isatidi harvester,a type of combined swing root-soil separation device for Radix isatidi was designed.The overall structure and working principle of the machine were described.Combining the planting pattern of Radix isatidi with the operational requirements of harvesters,based on the analysis of the dynamic of the root-soil complex on the sieve surface during the sieving process of the device,the main factors and their ranges that affected the effect of the root-soil separation were determined.The root-soil separation rate and damage rate of rhizome were used as test indicators.The sieve surface inclination angle,crank rotational speed,and crank radius were the test factors,and quadratic orthogonal regression test was carried out.The regression mathematical model between the indexes and the factors model between the test factors and test indexes was established by response surface analysis method,and the influence of test factors on test indexes was analyzed.The structure and working parameters which affected the separation performance of the combined swing-type root-soil separation were optimized.The results showed that when the sieve surface inclination angle was 14.94°,the crank rotational speed was 440 r/min,and the crank radius was 19.95 mm,the root-soil separation rate was 97.19%,and the damage rate of rhizome was 2.66%.Field tests were conducted to verify the optimized data under these conditions,and the results showed that the root-soil separation rate was 96.09%and the damage rate of rhizome was 2.75%,which satisfied the operating requirement of Radix isatidi root-soil separation.Finally,field tests were carried out under the same conditions,and the results showed that the sieving effect of the sieve strip sieve plate combined sieve surface was better than that of the full sieve strip sieve surface and the full sieve plate sieve surface.