基于适宜性-规划-等级的村庄整治类型划分研究

Classification of Village Remediation Types from Perspective of Suitability-Planning-Grade

科学划分村庄整治类型并制定合理的优化策略,是实现大城市村镇体系合理布局和乡村空间高效利用的重要措施。本文基于POI、土地利用现状数据等多源数据,综合运用适宜性评价、引力模型等方法,构建了基于布局适宜性-规划约束-村庄等级(简称适宜性-规划-等级)的村庄整治类型划分方案,并以密云区为例进行实证分析。结果表明:在经济发展、生活便利和环境宜居等多因素综合作用下,密云区村庄布局适宜性呈现由西南向东北衰减的特征。借助引力模型,将研究区332个村庄划分为57个中心村、103个次中心村和172个一般村。基于适宜性规划等级的村庄整治内涵,将密云区村庄确定为城镇集建、特色提升、整治完善Ⅰ、整治完善Ⅱ和整体搬迁5种整治类型。整体搬迁类村庄未来的整治方向为可复垦型,其他村庄均为可盘活型。结合村庄布局适宜性评价、等级划分、土地利用形态和整治潜力,着眼于减量规划思路,因地制宜地提出5类村庄的整治策略。研究成果可为区域村庄用地布局优化和减量发展以及全域土地综合整治等提供参考。

Scientifically dividing the types of village remediation and formulating rational and efficient strategies are important to divide and optimize the spatial distribution of large villages and towns.Based on the multi-source data such as point of interest(POI)and land use status data,a classification scheme of village remediation types from the perspective of suitability-planning-grade was designed comprehensively with the methods of suitability evaluation and gravity model,and Miyun District was taken as an example for empirical analysis.The results showed that under the comprehensive effect of economic development,living convenience and livable environment,the suitability level of village layout in Miyun District was declined from southwest to northeast.Based on the gravity model,totally 332 villages of Miyun District were divided into 57 central villages,103 sub-central villages and 172 general ones.Considering the suitability,planning constraints and village level,Miyun District can be divided into urban construction,characteristic promotion,improvementⅠ,improvementⅡ,and overall relocation.In the future,the overall relocation villages would be reclaimed,while the other villages would be revitalized.Combining with village layout suitability evaluation,grade division,landscape pattern analysis and remediation potential,meanwhile,focusing on the idea of reduction planning,five strategies for village remediation were provided.The research results can provide references for optimization and reduction of village land layout and comprehensive land consolidation.