我国航站楼空气质量研究进展及监管建议

Current Research Situation of Air Quality of Terminal Buildings in China and its Monitoring and Management Direction

随着机场建设和航空运输量的不断增长,飞机噪声污染、废气排放随之增多,机场引起的环境污染问题也日渐突出。机场航站楼内的环境质量已成为备受人们关注的科学问题。综述了我国航站楼内微小气候和空气质量的研究现状,梳理了现行标准、监测指标和研究成果,结果发现:参考标准较少,且更新迟缓;不同标准所规定的指标和限值不同,检测指标不全面,缺乏针对性;传统检测方法代表性差,难以实现对比分析,不能满足现今建设绿色航站楼的要求。相比于传统检测方法,基于传感器技术的微型空气质量监测站在航站楼内空气质量监测方面显示出独特的优势。提出了搭建机场航站楼空气质量(含微小气候)监测系统来实现对航站楼内空气质量的在线监测和智慧化管理,建议将可能引发健康风险的机场特征污染物,如PM_(2.5) TVOC或(和)苯系物纳入到监管范围,并给出了监测数据质量控制的可行性措施和系统的监管建议,以期为此类特殊场所/区域空气质量监测和智慧化管理提供方法和思路。

With the continuous growth of airport construction and air transportation,aircraft noise pollution and exhaust emissions are increasing,and the environmental pollution caused by airports is becoming increasingly serious.As a scientific problem,the environmental quality in airport terminal attracts much attention.In this paper,the research status of microclimate and air quality in terminal buildings in China is reviewed,and the current standards,monitoring indicators and research results are summarized.It is found that there are few reference standards with slow update.Due to the different indicators and limits of different standards,the monitoring indicators in researches are always not comprehensive and lack of pertinence.Traditional detection methods are poorly representative,difficult to achieve comparative analysis,and hardly to meet the current requirements of building a green terminal.Compared with traditional detection methods,the micro air quality monitoring station based on sensor technology shows unique advantages in the air quality monitoring in the terminal building.This paper proposes to build an airport terminal air quality(including microclimate)monitoring systems to realize online monitoring and intelligent management of indoor air quality in the terminal building.It is suggested that airport characteristic pollutants such as PM_(2.5),TVOC or(and)benzene series should be regulated in case of causing health risks.The feasible measures for quality control of monitoring data are given.Finally,a summary is made and systematic supervision suggestions are given in order to provide methods and ideas for air quality monitoring and intelligent management in such a special space/area.