科学与哲学在哪里相遇?——从量子理论的发展史来看

The Meeting Point of Science and Philosophy:from the Perspective of Quantum Theory’s Developmental History

近代自然科学的发展使科学从哲学的母体中分离出来。20世纪初,逻辑经验主义者将哲学定位于语言分析,发动了使哲学放弃认知功能的哲学运动。然而,相对论与量子理论的发展表明,科学与哲学在前沿科学领域和科学思想的交汇地带再次相遇。科学家承担起了使科学哲学化的工作。哲学开始于科学停止的地方,并贯穿于科学发现过程中出现理解歧义的各个环节。在科学基础的转变或变革时期,伟大的科学家同时也是深刻的哲学家。科学研究越深入、越技术化、越工程化,就会带来越多的哲学问题。因此,科学—技术—社会深度纠缠发展的时代也是哲学问题迸发的时代,更是科学、技术、哲学交汇发展的时代。

The development of modern natural science separated science from the matrix of philosophy. At the beginning of the 20 th century logical empiricists positioned philosophy in analytic philosophy of language and launched the philosophical revolution that made philosophy give up its cognitive function. However,the development of relativity theory and quantum theory indicts that science would meet philosophy again in the intersection of frontier sciences and scientific thoughts. Thus,scientists undertake the task of philosophizing science. Philosophy begins where science stops,and runs through every stage of scientific discovery where ambiguity arises. Great scientists are also profound philosophers during the time of change or transformation in scientific foundation. The deeper and more technical and engineering the scientific research,the more philosophical problems will be brought. Therefore,the era when science,technology and society are deeply entangled is also the era when philosophical problems burst forth,and the era when philosophy of science and technology converge and develop.