“遗老”视角下的清代学术史——以罗振玉《本朝学术源流概略》为核心的论析

An Analysis on the Academic History of Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of “Old Adherent of the Past Dynasty”

清季民国之时,学界对清代学术史的研究较为充分。章太炎、刘师培、梁启超、胡适、钱穆等人的清学史论述成为主流,那些代表某一特定立场的著述却很少被关注,罗振玉的《本朝学术源流概略》就是一个典型。《本朝学术源流概略》的撰述,不仅有突出的政治遗民和文化遗民色彩,而且很大程度上也是基于罗振玉固有的文化、思想理念以及对民国学风、世风的不满,回应现实的意味浓厚。相较于刘师培、王国维、梁启超等的相关著述,《本朝学术源流概略》坚守中国学问体系,以固有学术立场解析清代学术,西学成为排斥对象,与罗振玉的早年作为和交汇中西的其他专业著述颇为相异,这是他出于自身的文化、学术立场之考量而有意为之的结果。

The academic circle made a relatively sufficient study on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,of which works on Qing academic history by Zhang Taiyan,Liu Shipei,Liang Qichao,Hu Shi and Qian Mu,etc.,were highlighted,while some others,such as Luo Zhenyu’s A Brief Introduction to the Academic Origin and Development of this Dynasty,representing a specific position were given little attention. This book is not only featured with a prominence of political and cultural old adherent of the past dynasty,but is also to a great extent based on Luo’s inherent culture and ideas and his dissatisfaction with the styles of study and society in the Republic of China,so it is strongly responding to the reality. Compare with the works of the above people,Luo’s book sticks to the Chinese knowledge system and rejects western learning for explaining the academic of the Qing Dynasty. This approach is different from his early works and intersection of Chinese and western professional writings,which is the results of his cultural and academic standpoint.