不同行比间作向日葵与花生的光合特性和产量

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Sunflower and Peanut with Different Intercropping Row Ratios

【目的】探讨不同行比对向日葵/花生间作的光合特性及产量的影响,为贵州特色资源材料的最优田间配置方式提供参考。【方法】以黔葵1801和黔花生5号为试验材料,设置向日葵/花生不同行比间作和向日葵、花生单作,研究不同间作模式下向日葵和花生的农艺性状、光合特性、产量及土地当量比的变化。【结果】与向日葵单作相比,向日葵/花生间作2︰2、2︰3和2︰4种植模式下向日葵株高依次降低9.54%、9.82%和3.28%,叶片数减少29.15%、22.14%和16.24%,产量降低23.30%、30.94%和34.50%;向日葵单作的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度和蒸腾速率均高于2︰2种植模式,低于2︰3和2︰4种植模式。与花生单作相比,向日葵/花生间作2︰2、2︰3和2︰4种植模式下花生主茎高降低42.31%、32.40%和25.26%,花生侧枝长减少28.07%、17.17%和5.97%,总分枝数减少21.81%、26.06%和12.76%,结果枝数减少36.81%、12.16%和6.95%,结果数显著减少54.98%、46.54%和43.57%;叶片净光合速率降低70.28%、57.80%和36.00%,气孔导度降低30.00%、22.50%和15.00%,胞间CO_(2)浓度增加38.54%、23.84%和13.30%,蒸腾速率降低29.16%、16.88%和14.52%;产量降低79.18%、58.34%和51.49%。向日葵/花生间作2︰2、2︰3和2︰4种植模式下土地当量比分别为0.98、1.11和1.14。【结论】向日葵/花生间作能有效提高作物的间作优势,以向日葵/花生2︰4种植模式最佳。

【Objective】The effects of different intercropping row ratios on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sunflower and peanut are discussed, which provides reference for optimal field collocation pattern of featured resources in Guizhou.【Method】Taking Qiankui 1801 and Qianhuasheng 5 as experimental materials, using sunflower-peanut intercropping with different row ratio and monoculture planting pattern of sunflower and peanut, the changes of agronomic characteristics, photosynthetic traits, yield and land equivalent ratio(LER) of sunflower and peanut under different intercropping patterns were studied.【Result】Compared with sunflower monoculture, the plant height of sunflower decreased by 9.54%,9.82% and 3.28% under the sunflower-peanut intercropping modes of 2︰2,2︰3 and 2︰4,the number of sunflower leaves decreased by 29.15%,22.14% and 16.24%,and the yield decreased by 23.30%, 30.94% and 34.50%. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO_(2)concentration and transpiration rate of sunflower monoculture were higher than those of 2︰2,but lower than those of 2︰3 and 2︰4. Compared with peanut monoculture, the main stem height of peanut decreased by 42.31%,32.40% and 25.26% under the planting modes of 2︰2,2︰3 and 2︰4,the lateral branch length of peanut decreased by 28.07%,17.17% and 5.97%,the total number of branches decreased by 21.81%,26.06% and 12.76%,the number of bearing branches decreased by 36.81%,12.16% and 6.95%,and the number of fruits decreased by 54.98%,46.54% and 43.57%. The net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves decreased by 70.28%,57.80% and 36.00%,stomatal conductance decreased by 30.00%,22.50% and 15.00%,intercellular CO_(2)concentration increased by 38.54%,23.84% and 13.30%,and transpiration rate decreased by 29.16%,16.88% and 14.52%,the yield decreased by 79.18%,58.34% and 51.49%, respectively.The land equivalent ratios of sunflower-peanut intercropping with 2︰2,2︰3 and 2︰4 were 0.98,1.11 and 1.14,respectively.【Conclusion】 Sunflower-peanut intercropping could effectively improve the advantage of crop intercropping, and the best planting mode is sunflower-peanut intercropping with 2︰4.