西方国家首都建设与现代城市规划(1850~1950)

Capital City Construction in Western Countries and Modern City Planning(1850-1950)

文章以法、英、德、美等西方主要国家首都城市的规划和建设活动为对象,综合比较这些首都城市在1850~1950年提出的各类规划方案与规划实践,以之切入考察现代城市规划学科的创立与发展,重点研究不同规划方案和城市演变过程中相关规划观念、设计思想和技术标准的形成、扩充等逐步成熟和完善的历史过程。现代城市规划的根源可追溯至19世纪中叶,经历大半个世纪的发展,汇聚了西方各国的实践,才逐渐廓清了这一新兴学科的面目和边界,体现出一以贯之的对于“人”的关怀与思考,对于今天重新认识城市规划的内涵、争取思想和技术创新也具有启示意义。

With the capital cities of major western countries,including France,Britain,Germany and the US,as examples,this paper examines the establishment and development of City Planning as an independent discipline based on a comparative study on the planning schemes and construction activities of these cities between 1850 and 1950,with the focus on the formation and evolution of planning mentalities,design principles and technical standards.Modern city planning can be traced back to the renovation of Paris in the mid-nineteenth century,yet the emerging discipline was not well recognized with distinct boundaries until variegated practices had been conducted in western countries over more than half a century.The paramount concern and continuous reflections on human has been the source for the development of City Planning,which sheds light on today’s debate on the nature and content of City Planning for ideological and technical innovations.