应激中居家期间注意缺陷多动障碍学龄儿童电子产品使用与家庭功能和教养效能的关系

Relationship between digital media use and family function and parenting self-efficacy of school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during stress event and home quarantine

目的对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间过度使用电子产品的注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)学龄儿童的家庭功能和家长教养效能进行调查和分析。探讨在应激事件中,家庭功能与教养效能与儿童电子产品使用的关系,为今后干预应激中儿童的家庭提供依据。方法选取ADHD学龄儿童194例,以青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷(self-rating questionnaire for adolescent problematic mobile phone use,SQAPMPU)和网络成瘾诊断量表(internet addiction test,IAT)为依据,划分为电子产品使用过度组(过度组)和使用正常组(正常组)。采用家庭功能量表(family assessment device,FAD)评估两组儿童的家庭功能,采用育儿胜任感量表(parenting sense of competence,PSOC)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(patient health questionnaire 9-item,PHQ-9)和广泛性焦虑量表(generalized anxiety disorder assessment 7-item,GAD-7)评定家长的教养效能、教养满意度和心理健康水平。结果过度组家庭功能中的沟通和角色因子得分显著高于正常组(P<0.05),家长的教养效能、教养满意度得分和育儿胜任感总分均显著低于正常组(P<0.05)。过度组ADHD儿童家长的PHQ-9和GAD-7得分均高于正常组(P<0.05)。家庭功能对网络成瘾产生显著正性影响作用(P<0.05);育儿胜任感对网络成瘾和手机依赖产生显著负性影响作用(P<0.05)。结论存在过度使用电子产品行为的ADHD儿童家庭在沟通和角色功能方面有明显缺陷,且这类ADHD儿童家长对自身教养能力和教养满意度的评价较低,同时家长自身的抑郁、焦虑水平较高。此外,家庭功能和家长的育儿胜任感可影响ADHD儿童的电子产品使用行为。提示,干预应激中ADHD儿童的电子产品使用应注重提升家庭功能和育儿胜任感。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of family function and parenting self-efficacy of schoolaged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)who overused digital media during COVID-19 virus pandemic,and discuss the relationship among them to provide a basis for intervention in family under stress event.Methods A total of 194 ADHD children were selected and divided into overuse group and normal use group according to the self-rating questionnaire for adolescent problematic mobile phone use(SQAPMPU)and internet addiction test(IAT).The parents in the two groups filled out family assessment device(FAD),parenting sense of competence(PSOC),patient health questionnaire 9-item(PHQ-9),and generalized anxiety disorder assessment 7-item(GAD-7)to assess family functioning of ADHD children,parenting satisfaction,efficacy,and their mental health.Results Communication and role factor in FAD of the overuse group scored significantly higher than those in the normal group(P<0.05),but parenting efficacy,parenting satisfaction,and total parenting sense of competence scored significantly lower than those in the normal group(P<0.05).The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores of ADHD children’s parents in the overuse group were significantly higher than those in the normal group(P<0.05).FAD had a significant positive effect on internet addiction(P<0.05),and PSOC had a significant negative effect on internet addiction and problematic mobile phone use(P<0.05).Conclusion Families of ADHD children who tend to overuse digital media have obvious problems in communication and role function.Parents of such ADHD children have low self-evaluation on their parenting ability and satisfaction,and the anxiety and depression levels of such parents are relatively higher.In addition,family function and parenting sense of competence can affect digital media use behavior of ADHD children.Under such stress event,the management of digital media use of ADHD children should be focused on improving family function and the sense of competence in parenting.