我国新一代人工智能治理的时代挑战与范式变革

The Current Challenges and Paradigm Transformation of New-Generation AI Governance in China

本文立足于我国新一代人工智能的鲜明时代特征与多重治理挑战,全方位探析新时期我国人工智能治理的核心问题,创新性构建我国人工智能适应性治理的工作框架,并系统性刻画我国人工智能适应性治理的范式变革。研究发现:(1)我国新一代人工智能治理的核心问题主要包括整合技术社会复合体的离散性认知、实现系统生态主权的非均衡调适、突破包容审慎探索的有限性实践三个方面。(2)我国新一代人工智能适应性治理已经形成以“逻辑内核-秩序重构-监管响应”为核心构成的清晰工作框架,其中技术社会复合体、生态重心偏移、秩序需求重构成为其稳定特性存在,而治理对象、治理理念、治理主体、治理工具则成为其动态特性存在。(3)我国新一代人工智能适应性治理经历了探索式治理(2016前)、回应式治理(2017-2019)、集中式治理(2020-2021)、敏捷式治理(2022-)的范式变革历程,并且不同范式下技术创新力度与风险规制力度的组合特征存在显著的阶段性差异。

Based on the distinctive characteristics and multiple governance challenges of China’s new-generation artificial intelligence development(N-AI),this paper explores the core issues of China’s N-AI governance, constructs a working framework to describe its paradigm transformation. The findings are as follows:(1)The core issues of China’s N-AI governance mainly include integrating the discrete cognition of tech-social complex, realizing the unbalanced adjustment of system ecological sovereignty, and breaking through the limited exploration of inclusive and prudent practice;(2) China’s N-AI adaptive governance has formed a working framework characterized by "logical core, order reconstruction, and regulatory response", among which the tech-social complex, shifting of ecological focus, and reconstruction of social orders are the stable characteristics, while the governance objects, philosophies, actors, and tools are the dynamic characteristics;(3) China’s N-AI adaptive governance has experienced paradigm changes from exploratory governance(before 2016), responsive governance(2017—2019), centralized governance(2020—2021),to agile governance(2022—),each with significantly different characteristics in the combination of technological innovations and risk regulations.