基于专家访谈的职业病诊断标准实施效果评估研究

Research on Evaluation of the Implementation Effects of Occupational Disease Diagnostic Criteria Based on Expert Interviews

目的对我国职业病诊断标准的实施效果开展评估,为以后的职业病诊断标准制修订工作提供依据和建议。方法采用专家访谈法,内容包括访谈对象基本情况和标准实施情况评价。使用Excel 2013和Colaizzi七步法分析、归纳访谈资料。结果本研究专家访谈涉及176人,以疾控中心最多(27.8%),从事的工作以职业健康最多(58.0%)。职业病诊断标准实施过程中的问题包括:职业病诊断标准中的个别概念不明确;职业病诊断标准与临床相关领域之间存在不一致;职业健康监护的覆盖面有待扩大,可操作性有待加强;职业健康标准的宣贯力度不足。结论职业病诊断标准体系相对完善,但也存在一定的问题,建议在今后的标准制修订过程中关注这些问题,并加强标准的宣贯,以更加公平有效地保障劳动者健康权益。

Objective To evaluate the implementation effects of occupational disease diagnostic criteria in China,aiming to provide the basis and suggestions for formulation and revision of occupational disease diagnostic criteria in the future.Methods The data were collated with the method of expert interviews,including basic information and evaluations of the implementation effects.The data were analyzed with Excel 2013 and Colaizzi’s seven-step method.Results In total,176 interview subjects were in the study,most from CDC(27.8%).The most interview subjects engaged in occupational health(58.0%).The problems in the implementation of occupational disease diagnostic criteria were as follows:some concepts in the occupational disease diagnostic criteria were not clear.The concepts of the occupational disease diagnostic criteria and related clinical standards were not synchronous.The coverage of occupational health surveillance need to be expanded,and the feasibility need to be strengthened.The publicity and implementation of the occupational disease diagnostic criteria were insufficient.Conclusion The system of occupational disease diagnostic criteria is relatively perfect,but also has problems.It is suggested to pay attention to these problems and strengthen the publicity and implementation,to protect the occupational health of workers more fairly and effectively.