技术创业型企业与创业平台资源共生演化机理

The symbiotic evolution mechanism of technologically entrepreneurial enterprises and entrepreneurial platforms

创业平台和技术创业型企业共生关系的形成,对促进价值共创具有重要意义。现有研究聚焦于创业平台对技术创业型企业的单向资源供给,对资源共生提高孵化效率、实现价值共创的关键作用未做深入探讨。鉴于此,本文选取Y Combinator、创新工场、概念证明中心进行案例研究,剖析技术创业型企业与创业平台的共生演化机理。研究发现:(1)技术创业型企业与创业平台表现出“寄生→偏利共生→互惠共生→偏利共生→互惠共生”螺旋上升的共生演化过程;(2)多元化资源收益驱动创业平台与技术创业型企业形成共生关系,其中技术资源收益促使创业平台打破经济收益的互惠共生,步入技术资源拼凑的偏利共生;(3)构建横、纵创业链是推动寄生、偏利共生向经济收益互惠共生演化的关键,将技术资源拼凑、结构化资源协奏嵌入横、纵创业链,集成创业资源网络,是实现资源互惠共生的有效路径。

China′s entrepreneurship platform mainly provides universal resources including entrepreneurship space,management services and entrepreneurship training,which cannot meet the demand of technically entrepreneurial enterprises for specialized technology resources.It is because of lack of accumulation of specialized technology resources of entrepreneurial platforms.In particular,the one-way supply of resource of entrepreneurship platform to technically entrepreneurial enterprises is difficult to stimulate the original technology incubator and reflect the importance of technology accumulation of novel technology to entrepreneurship platform.Therefore,the formation of symbiosis relation between entrepreneurial platform and technologically entrepreneurial enterprises not only increases the success rate of enterprise incubator,but also is beneficial for realizing value co-creation.Aiming at the above practical and theoretical problems,this paper mainly studies the evolution mechanism of resource symbiosis of technologically entrepreneurial enterprises and entrepreneurial platform through analyzing the symbiotic internal drive,symbiotic evolution process,and the resource integration path to achieve mutual-symbiosis.Y Combinator,Innovation Workshop and POCCS are selected as cases according to the principles of theoretical sampling,typical case theory,data availability,and replication theory.The core categories are extracted by modifying the cases,and then the logical relationship among the core categories is analyzed.The mechanism of symbiotic evolution of technologically entrepreneurial enterprises and entrepreneurial platform is analyzed.Based on the above analysis,the internal-driven force,evolutional process and resource integrated routine are obtained.The case study findings are as follows:First,with the continuous development of technological entrepreneurial enterprises,the entrepreneurial platform and technological entrepreneurial enterprises show a spiral evolution process of"parasitism→symbiosis→mutualism→symbiosis→mutualism".At the initial stage of incubation,technologically entrepreneurial enterprises consume entrepreneurial platform resources,forming parasitism of technologically entrepreneurial enterprises to entrepreneurial platforms.With the development of technologically entrepreneurial enterprises,entrepreneurial platforms introduce external resources for technologically entrepreneurial enterprises through organizing promotion meetings.In this period,technological entrepreneurial enterprises end the consumption of internal resources of entrepreneurial platforms,thus forming symbiosis of technologically entrepreneurial enterprises to entrepreneurial platforms.When the incubation succeeds,the technologically entrepreneurial enterprises gain entrepreneurial achievements and economic benefits,and the entrepreneurial platform receive equity benefits and brand appreciation.In this period,the technological entrepreneurial enterprises and the entrepreneurial platform will form mutual-symbiosis.After that,the technological resources of technologically entrepreneurial enterprises are patched by entrepreneurial platforms,forming the symbiosis of entrepreneurial platforms to technologically entrepreneurial enterprises.Finally,the mutualism relationship will be developed between technological entrepreneurial enterprises and entrepreneurial platform resources.Second,resource income is the driving force for the symbiotic evolution of entrepreneurial platform and technologically entrepreneurial enterprises.Entrepreneurial platform is capable of introducing external entrepreneurial resource to promote the development of company by its own resources.When technology update incubation is carried out by technologically entrepreneurial enterprises,the entrepreneurial platform can provide relevant technical support to reduce the cost of subsequent project incubation,and finally forms mutualism relationship.Thirdly,the establishment of entrepreneurial chain and the integration of symbiotic resources is an effective way to realize mutual symbiosis between technological entrepreneurial enterprises and entrepreneurial platform resources.The horizontal entrepreneurial chain is the result of integration of entrepreneurial platform and technologically entrepreneurial enterprise construction of horizontal,which connects with outside organization giving rise to the formation of vertical entrepreneurial chain.The horizontal and vertical entrepreneurial chain are the key to promote parasitism and partial symbiosis to evolve into mutualism of economic benefit.Furthermore,technological resource patchwork,structured resources are embedded into horizontal and vertical entrepreneurial chains,and the entrepreneurial resource network is integrated.This is the effective method to realize mutualism of resource income of entrepreneurial platform and technologically entrepreneurial enterprise.The research conclusions have the following theoretical contribution and practical meaning.First,different from the existing researches with the viewpoint of external resources,this paper focuses on the investigation of resource symbiosis generated by external resources stimulating the generation of new resources,which breaks the one-way resource supply model of entrepreneurial platform and provides a new method for the value co-creation of entrepreneurial platform and entrepreneurial enterprise.Secondly,the research conclusion expands the boundary of symbiotic benefits,extends economic benefits to diversified symbiotic benefits including entrepreneurial resources,technological resources,network resources,etc.,which enriches the connotation of symbiotic benefits.