知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度的“赔偿”性质探析

Study on the Nature of“Compensation”in the Punitive Damages System for Intellectual Property Rights

知识产权客体的公共属性及无体性,使得知识产权侵权行为导致的损失极难量化。作为一项民事救济手段,惩罚性赔偿制度不应将“惩罚”作为其首要功能,而应将“赔偿”作为设立的正当性基础,赔偿数额以基数加乘倍数的法律规定应被理解为是对权利人实际损失的充分弥补,该制度能够借助私人赔偿弥补社会性损害。为与损害填平原则相适应,当下对侵权赔偿数额的基数选择仍需慎重。基于“赔偿”在本制度中的主导地位,对“实际损失”的考量仍应当优先于“侵权获利”,而不应将两者等同。本文提出应以“实际损失”为核心,通过妥善调整倍数来消除“侵权获利”在适用上的不恰当性。

The public and incorporeal nature of intellectual property objects make it extremely difficult to quantify the losses caused by intellectual property infringement.As a civil remedy,the punitive damages system should not take“punishment”as its primary function,but“compensation”as the justification basis for its establishment.The legal provision of the amount of compensation multiplied by the base plus multiple should be taken as sufficient compensation for the actual loss of the right holder,and the system is able to compensate for the social damage by means of private compensation.It’s believed that,in order to be compatible with the principle of compensation for damages,the selection of the base of the amount of compensation for infringement should still be prudent.Based on the dominant position of“compensation”in this system,the consideration of“actual loss”should take precedence over“infringement profit”,rather than equating the two.In view of this,it’s proposed that the“actual loss”should be taken as the core,and the inappropriateness of the application of“infringement profit”should be eliminated by properly adjusting the multiplier.