唐宋时期地理总志中的道里数据与方向描述研究

The Milage Data and Direction Descriptions in Tang and Song Period Geography General Records

唐宋时期地理总志开辟了“四至八到”的体例,具体形式虽有不同,但其基本格式均可分解为两部分,即道里数据和方向描述。研究表明,唐宋时期地理总志(以《元和郡县图志》《太平寰宇记》为代表)的道里数据和方向描述均受到测量路线的决定性影响。由于道里数据的准确性难以评估,通过道里数据来反推交通路线的方法存在严重逻辑漏洞;方向描述反映的是测量路线尤其是路线起始段的实际走向,并非传统意义上理解的两地的相对方位关系。

Tang and Song Period geography general records started the style of “four directions and eight reaches”(sizhi badao 0M/VPJ).Although the specific forms were different,the basic pattern can be divided into two parts,i.e.milage data and direction descriptions.Research has demonstrated that the milage data and direction descriptions in Tang and Song Period geography general records,represented by Yuanhe Counties and Prefectures llustrated Records(yuanhe junxian tuzhi 元和郡县图志 and Taiping Universal Records(taiping huanyu ji 太平寰宇记),were all decisively influenced by the routes of survey.As the accuracy of milage data were difficult to be evaluated,the methodology of reversely deducing the transportation routes through milage data has serious logical loopholes,and direction descriptions reflect the actual layout of routes of survey,especially the starting stage of the routes,rather than the relative positional relationship of two places understood in the traditional sense.