“防之以严,备之以豫”:《殿粤要纂》舆图研究

“Defence Has to Be Tight,Precautions Have to Be Advanced”:Research on Mapping in Dianyue Yaozuan

《殿粤要纂》是明朝万历年间记录广西军事防务的专著,系时任广西巡抚杨芳主编,旨在“一册在手,不越盈尺而内境向背虚实皆知”。《殿粤要纂》采用图说结合形式编纂;绘有舆图129幅,按不同行政级别绘制,呈现了鲜明有序的层级体系:全省总图——府图——州、县、司图——峒、寨图;全书舆图绘制使用了统一、规范的符号系统,不同符号被赋予特定含义,彰显了绘制者的华夷秩序观。《殿粤要纂》图文体现出当政者采用对内严守、对外松弛的军备防御,对瑶、壮等少数民族严加防范,对接壤的安南却选择性忽略。在对待中国古代地图问题上,不可按照现代的概念和观点去评价。

Dianyue yaozuan 殿粤要纂 was compiled by the then Guangxi Govermor Y ang Fang during the reign of Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty to record Guangxi military and defence afars.It was intended to "record everything about the supporters and opponents,strengths and weaknesses within the border from a single volume at an arm's length".Dianyue yaozuan adopted the form of llustrations in combination with explanations.Its 129 maps were drawn according to different administrative levels,presenting a distinctive and orderly level system:1)a master map of the whole province,2)maps of prefectures(fu 府),3)maps of districts(zhou州),counties,and administrations,and 4)maps of caverns(dong 峒)and vllages(zhai 寨).The drawing of maps in the whole work used a system of unified and standardized symbols,in which different symbols were given specifie meanings demonstrating the hua-yi(华夷)order,the ilustrators'political outlook on "the civilized and half-civilized peoples".Ilustrations and writings in Dianyue yaozuan presented the local officials'military defence posture of tight control within and weak control without.The officials took stringent precautions against ethnic minorities such as the Yao and Zhuang people,but deliberately ignored the bordering Annam.When interpreting Chinese ancient maps,we cannot make observations using modern concepts or from modern viewpoints.