律法与新民:《申命记》与加洛林时代的共同体想象

The Law and the New People: Deuteronomy and Visions of Community in the Carolingian Era

圣经旧约经书《申命记》在加洛林时代不同层面的共同体想象和秩序规范建构中扮演了重要角色。《萨利克法典》百条本序言借助《申命记》的“神恩—特选民族”话语表达对法兰克民族的称颂,体现了丕平政权对内外时局的舆论回应。将《申命记》中“特属之民”的身份运用于法兰克人的做法,很可能源自罗马教宗。卡特伍尔夫和约纳斯等以《申命记》中对统治者的训示劝谕加洛林君主履行“对上帝之民确立上帝的律法”的职责。查理曼时代的条令中对《申命记》律法的运用反映出通过改革打造以“神命君主—基督之民”为基本结构的加洛林基督教政治的努力。对编撰于9世纪初里昂的佚名注释的分析表明,在国族层面之外,《申命记》也被加洛林地方教会用于构建以“教士—信众”为主轴的基督教教牧秩序。对部分《申命记》律法字面义权威的强调,强化了基督教共同体生活的神圣认同。

The Old Testament book, Deuteronomy,played an important role in the construction of multiple visions of community and norms of order in the Carolingian Era. The hundred-title recension ofLex Salicautilised the discourse of grace and chosen people drawn fromDeuteronomyin praise of the Franks as a response of the regime of Pippin the Short to contemporary domestic and international situation.Cathuulf and Jonas of Orléans borrowed the precepts fromDeuteronomyin order to admonish the Carolingian rulers to carry out their duty of‘establishing the Law of God for the people of God.’The use ofDeuteronomyin the capitularies of Charlemagne reflected a reform of building up the Carolingian politics based on ideological structure of God-ordained ruler and the Christian people. The analysis of the anonymous annotations onDeuteronomycompiled in Lyon in the 9thcentury demonstrated that this biblical book was utilised by a Carolingian local church for the sake of constructing the discourse of pastoral order. The emphasis on the authority of the literal sense of certain Deuteronomic precepts reinforced the sacred identity of the Christian communal life.