高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速分析三子散的入血成分及代谢产物

Rapid analysis of serum components and metabolites of Sanzi San by high performance liguid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry

蒙药三子散由诃子、川楝子、栀子3味药材等比例组成,其临床用药主要采用口服给药方式,药物在体内的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄过程与药物发挥药理作用和疗效的产生密切相关,因此考察灌胃给药后的入血成分有助于阐明三子散的药效物质基础。研究采用血清药物化学研究思路,将Wistar大鼠分成空白组和给药组,给药组给予三子散水提物,腹主动脉取血,离心制备血清样品,采用高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(HPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS),在SHIMADZU GIST C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)上进行色谱分离;以甲醇和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,流速0.5 mL/min,进样量10μL,采用加热电喷雾电离(HESI)源,正、负离子同时扫描。通过比对三子散含药血清和空白血清的图谱差异,查阅数据库、各类成分体内代谢途径、三子散成分的相关文献,采用Xcalibur 3.0软件进行峰提取、峰匹配等质谱数据处理,结合Compound Discover 3.0软件对化合物代谢途径的预测分析和裂解规律的推断,解析三子散水提液经大鼠灌胃后血清中的原型成分和代谢产物。结果表明,在给药大鼠血清样品中鉴定出55种入血成分,其中41种原型成分,14种代谢产物。入血的原型成分主要为鞣质类、环烯醚萜类和小分子酚酸类。该研究较为全面地阐释了三子散水提液在大鼠血中的移行成分,有助于揭示三子散的药效物质基础,为该药的临床应用提供参考。

Sanzi San,a Mongolian medicine,comprises three herbs:Terminalia chebula,Melia toosendan,and Gardenia jasminoides.Clinically,Sanzi San is administered orally and distributed via blood to the action site,which implies that the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)are closely related to the pharmacological action and curative effect.Therefore,possible explanations for the material basis of Sanzi San were explored in this study preliminarily.A strategy based on serum pharmacochemistry was first applied to explore the absorbed bioactive components and metabolites of Sanzi San.Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal and dosing groups,which were provided with the Sanzi San’s water extract for three days.Then,the rat’s blood samples were obtained from their abdomiral aorta using a sterile blood collection tube after administering the medicine.The blood samples were then centrifuged at 3500 r/min for 10 min to obtain the serum samples.A practical method based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole and electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)was developed to screen and analyze numerous bioactive components and metabolites adsorbed in the serum of the dosing rats after oral administration of the Sanzi San’s water extract.Chromatographic separation was achieved on a SHIMADZU GIST C 18 chromatographic column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm).The temperature of the column was maintained at 30℃.The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min,and the injection volume was 10μL.The mobile phase comprised an aqueous solution of 0.1%formic acid and methanol under gradient elution.A heated electrospray ion(HESI)source was used with positive and negative ion scanning modes.To rapidly screen out and identify the absorbed bioactive components and metabolites of Sanzi San in the rat serum samples,a simple three-step approach was developed.First,the known components in Sanzi San were listed systematically by exploring various databases,such as the Web of Science,PubMed,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure.In addition,relevant information on drug biotransformation and the characteristic fragmentation patterns of parent compounds were summarized.Second,the absorbed components and metabolites were ascertained using the Xcalibur 3.0 software.Based on the information related to the parent compound’s structure,the software could be used to identify the unique peaks by comparing the chromatograms of the normal and dosing samples.Consequently,the total ion chromatograms of serum samples were established.Finally,the Compound Discover 3.0 software was used to predict the metabolic pathways and fragmentation of the absorbed compounds.Using this approach,55 compounds were characterized,including 41 prototype components and 14 metabolites.The main prototype components in the serum sample were tannins,iridoids,and phenolic acids.The details of these compounds have been summarized and presented.Regarding the absorbed bioactive components and metabolites in the serum samples of rats administered with Sanzi San,phaseⅠand phaseⅡbiochemical reactions were involved in the biotransformation pathways.The phaseⅠreaction modified the components and created sites for the phaseⅡreaction,involving reduction and hydrolysis.The phaseⅡreaction coupled groups to existing conjugation sites,including glucuronide to glucuronic acid,sulfate,and methyl.MS/MS spectra indicated that methylation,demethylation,and dehydroxylation are the metabolic pathways of procyanidins.Additionally,glucuronidation,deglucosidation,hydration,and demethylation are the metabolic pathways of iridoids in Sanzi San.This study comprehensively analyzed the components of the Sanzi San’s water extract absorbed in the rat’s serum.Our results revealed information regarding the pharmacodynamic substances and the major pathways involved in the ADME of Sanzi San.Further,potential medicinal ingredients for the pharmacological effects and clinical use of Sanzi San were explored at the serum pharmacochemistry level.