新时代加快农科紧缺人才高质量培养——基于IPOE框架的504名农科专家访谈分析

Research on High-Quality and Rapid Training of Urgently-Needed Agricultural Talents in the New Era of China——Analysis of 504 Agricultural Experts Interviews Based on the IPOE Framework

理工农医紧缺人才培养是当前中国面临的重大任务,而农科紧缺人才培养尤为基础和重要。农业及农产品加工占国民生产总值的30%左右,但拔尖创新人才匮乏,内源性动力不足,国际竞争力较弱,农业现代化成为国家现代化的最大短板。本研究构建农科人才培养质量评价的IPOE理论框架模型,基于对504位农科专家的调研访谈,从输入、过程、输出和效应4个方面展开分析,发现农科教育与农业产业“两张皮”是目前农科人才培养的最大问题,体现在农科人才培养中就是教师产业实践能力不强、产教融合的教育教学平台不足、培养模式偏离产业需求、教育评价呈现“五唯”导向、农科生面向产业的能力趋弱、毕业生促进产业的社会效应不佳。面向未来培养紧缺的“顶天”“立地”型科研人才和产业应用型人才,农科亟需在减控总量中重构面向产业的产教一体化管理体制和培养模式。

It is a major task for our country to cultivate the urgently-needed talents in science,engineering,agriculture and medicine,especially those in agriculture.Although China's agriculture and agricultural product processing industries account for 30% of its GDP,agricultural modernization remains the biggest obstacle to achieving its national modernization due to shortage of top-notch innovative talents,lack of inherent motives and competitive advantages in international market.Based on the investigation and interview of 504 agricultural experts,the paper mainly focuses on these four aspects,namely input,process,output and effect with the expectation of constructing a IPOE theoretical framework facilitating the assessment of agricultural talents.The paper shows that the“two skins”of agricultural education and agricultural industry is the biggest problem of agricultural talent training in China,which is reflected in the weak industrial practice ability of teachers in the cultivation of agricultural talents,the lack of educational platform for the integration of production and education,the deviation of training mode from industry needs,the“five-only”orientation of educational evaluation,the weakening ability of agricultural students to meet industry needs,the social effect on promoting industry of graduates is poor.It is urgently for agricultural specialty to reconstruct the industry-oriented integrated management system and training mode in reducing and controlling the total amount,to cultivate the urgently-needed talents who combine of theory with practice on scientific research and application in the future.