生物肥与碳酰胺配施对大樱桃根际土壤微环境及单果重的影响

Effects of bio-fertilizer co-applied with carbamide on microenvironment in rhizosphere soil and single fruit weight of Prunus avium

本研究探讨施用生物肥对大樱桃根际微生态环境与生长的影响效果,为大樱桃的高效施肥提供技术参考。以大樱桃为研究对象,通过大田试验,研究了CK(不施肥)、CF(单施碳酰胺)、BF(生物肥提供100%的氮)和BF+CF(生物肥和碳酰胺各提供50%的氮)等处理对大樱桃根系活力、根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性、单果重的影响。结果表明:BF+CF处理的根系活力分别较CK、CF和BF处理提高81.93%、43.16%和16.62%,根际土壤的细菌数、放线菌数和微生物总量均最高;BF和BF+CF处理能显著提高根际土壤的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性,其中BF+CF处理对脲酶和蔗糖酶活性的提高幅度最大;此外,BF+CF处理的大樱桃单果重最大,分别较CK、CF与BF处理显著高出21.32%、11.57%与8.65%。综上所述:生物肥与碳酰胺搭配的施肥措施可以通过改善大樱桃根系活力与根际土壤微生物数量、酶活性的方式来优化根际土壤微生态环境,进而促进大樱桃果实的生长。

In this study,the effects of biological fertilizer on rhizosphere microecological environment and growth of Prunus avium were investigated,which provided technical reference for efficient fertilization of Prunus avium.With the Prunus avium as the research subjects through the field experiment,the effects of CK(no fertilizer),CF(carbamide alone),BF(100%nitrogen provided by bio-fertilizer)and BF+CF(50%nitrogen provided by bio-fertilizer and carbamide respectively)on root activity,microbial number and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil,and weight of single fruit of Prunus avium were investigated.The results showed that the root viability with BF+CF treatment increased by 81.93%,43.16%,and 16.62%compared with CK,CF,and BF treatments,respectively,with the highest number of bacteria,actinobacteria,and total microorganisms in rhizosphere soil.BF and BF+CF treatment significantly improved catalase,urease,sucrase,and polyphenol oxidase activities in rhizosphere soil.Among those,BF+CF treatment showed the highest increase in urease and sucrase activity.Moreover,BF+CF treated Prunus avium had the maximum single fruit weight,which was significantly by 21.32%,11.57%and 8.65%higher than CK,CF,and BF treatments,respectively.To sum up,the fertilization measure of bio-fertilizer co-applied with carbamide could ameliorate the micro-ecological environment in rhizosphere soil and improve the fruit growth of Prunus avium by means of improvement of root activity,microbial population,and enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil.