α放射性核素靶向治疗研究进展:α核素的制备与分离

Advances in Targeted Alpha Therapy:Preparation and Separation of Alpha Radionuclides

α放射性核素靶向治疗(targeted alpha therapy,TAT)技术作为一种很有前景的肿瘤放疗手段近些年来正不断发展。因α放射性核素具有线性传能密度(linear energy transfer,LET)高、射程短、放射生物学效应和细胞毒性强等特点,TAT在微小肿瘤、散在性肿瘤及发生微转移肿瘤的治疗上展现出了独特的优势。但是,由于可用于TAT的α核素来源非常有限,且其制备和纯化也十分困难,这就导致α核素的获取成为了制约TAT技术发展的主要因素之一。针对α放射性核素靶向治疗中α核素的获取问题,本文从核素的性质、制备技术及分离方法的角度对几种适用于靶向治疗的α放射性核素(^(225)Ac、^(213)Bi、^(212)Pb、^(212)Bi、^(227)Th、^(223)Ra、^(230)U、^(226)Th、^(211)At、^(149)Tb)的研究现状进行了概述。

Targeted alpha therapy(TAT)is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer and it is under fast development in the past few decades.Owing to the high linear energy transfer(LET),short path length,high relative biological effect and cytotoxicity ofαparticles,TAT is especially suitable for small neoplasms,disseminated tumor and micro metastases.However,the poor availability,complicated radiochemical separation and purification process of alpha radionuclides have long stunted the development of TAT.Focusing on the availability of medical alpha radionuclides,this paper reviews the literature concerning the physical properties,preparation routes and purification methods of some alpha radionuclides(^(225)Ac,^(213)Bi,^(212)Pb,^(212)Bi,^(227)Th,^(223)Ra,^(230)U,^(226)Th,^(211)At,^(149)Tb)that have potential applications in targeted alpha therapy.