早熟红肉桃新品种庚村阳桃的选育

Gengcunyangtao,a new early ripening red-flesh peach cultivar

庚村阳桃是采用系统选育的方法筛选出的桃新品种。该品种蔷薇形花,有花粉、可育,中果枝自花授粉坐果率22.05%。果实近圆形、不对称,缝合线深;果皮不能剥离,茸毛中等,着色程度中等;树上完熟时肉质硬脆,存放后,肉质变绵;离核,耐贮性好;果肉无纤维,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)13.1%,果肉红色、中部花青苷含量(w)11.73 mg·100 g^(-1)。在浙江省湖州市3月初叶芽萌动,3月中旬始花,6月中下旬果实成熟,果实生长发育期约为90 d。成熟早,内在品质较好,但是露天栽培果面有斑点;果实较小,平均单果质量111.1 g;自然授粉坐果率不高,仅有14.95%,5年生树体自然坐果的产量为每666.7 m^(2)525 kg。建议生产上配置毛桃作为授粉树;采前20 d左右采取设施避雨或套袋+拆袋措施,能有效提升外观品质。

Gengcunyangtao is a new early ripening peach(Prunus persica L.)variety,selected from muitiple red-flesh peach germplasm resources by systematic breeding method.Its ancestors had a long cultivation history in Huzhou with high reputation for red flesh and good quality.However,the planting area of the old varieties has decreased for last two or three decades,and the old red-flesh germplasms have been facing with the danger of extinction.In 2005,a 13-hectare germplasm conservation orchard was set by the local government.From 2006 to 2010,two excellent strains were selected through plant comparison tests.In 2011,an early ripening strain was selected for field trials.The field trials were made at three sites(Wuxing county,Changxing county,Shaoxing county)for 2014 to 2018 for regional adaptability test.It was named Gengcunyangtao and licensed in 2020.The trees of Gengcunyangtao are moderately vigorous and semi-spreading.The flowers are rose shaped with 5 petals.The average fruit weight is 111.1 g.The fruit is near round,asymmetric and freestone.The ground color is green-white with bright red color.The pulp is hard and crispy.After storage,the pulp becomes soft.The flesh is red with high content of anthocyanin(11.73 mg·100 g^(-1))and high soluble solids content(13.1%).In Huzhou,the beginning of flowering is in mid-March,full bloom date is March 25th,fruit maturity is late June.The fruit development period is about 90 days.The pollination trees should be provided for cultivation.More perfect quality fruit can be obtained by sheltering in late May or early June.However,bagging 20 days prior to maturity is also a good way to get more charming fruits.