优质丰产番木瓜新品种紫晖的选育

Breeding of a new papaya cultivar Zihui with good quality and high yield

紫晖是由泰国红×GZ201301301杂交选育出的优质、丰产番木瓜新品种。该品种植株生长旺盛,冠幅290 cm,茎干高195 cm,茎干粗45 cm,叶片长90 cm,叶片宽93 cm,叶柄呈深紫色,长102 cm。花序主轴呈深紫色,平均长约7.5 cm,花数量多。果实长椭圆形,果肩有紫色印圈,果皮橙黄色,果面光滑,果肉橙红色,厚约3.3 cm,口感嫩滑清甜。平均单果质量1142.7 g,平均纵径21.4 cm,横径10.8 cm,纵横径比为1.98。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)11.5%,总糖含量10%,总酸含量0.21%,维生素C含量1.01 mg·g^(-1),粗纤维含量0.6%,品质优良。在珠江三角洲地区,组培苗春季定植至始花时间约63 d,定植至始采时间约180 d,最低结果部位离地约34.5 cm,连续坐果能力强,节位坐果率为92.2%;丰产性强,当年平均单株产量64.4 kg,每666.7 m^(2)产量7728 kg。适应性良好,但感环斑花叶病毒病。常温条件下保鲜贮藏期为7 d。适宜在广东省番木瓜产区及类似生态区栽培,宜采用轮作或选择新区种植。

Zihui is a new top-quality and high-yield papaya cultivar,which was selected from the first hybrid with Taiguohong as the female parent and the small-fruit Hawaiian type GZ201301301 as the male parent in 2021.Through artificial pollination in 2016,358 hybrid seeds and 296 seedlings were got.It was initially selected in 2017 for its fast growth rate,strong growth vigor,low fruit-bearing position,strong continuous fruit-bearing capacity,smooth peel,good fruit shape,high yield and good quality.The clone seedlings were obtained by grafting and tissue culture with its lateral buds after the stem was cut off.After variety test and regional adaptability test at 3 sites(including Guangzhou,Foshan and Zhanjiang)over 3 years from 2018 to 2020,it was finally selected in 2020,and certificated by the Crop Varieties Certification Committee of Guangdong Province in 2021.The plant grows vigorously,showing as 290 cm in crown width,195 cm in plant height from ground to apical meristem,45 cm in stem circumference,90 cm in leaf length,93 cm in leaf width and 102 cm in dark purple petiole.The inflorescence has multi-flower properties,and the main axis of the inflorescence is dark purple,with an average length of about 7.5 cm.The corolla is purple,and the length is about 3.4 cm.Fruit shape is oblong oval,with an obvious purple circular mark on the fruit base.The average single fruit weight is 1142.7 g,with an average longitudinal diameter of 21.4 cm,a transverse diameter of 10.8 cm,and the ratio of 1.98.The peel is smooth and orange yellow after ripening.The flesh is of good quality,with orange-red color,3.3 cm in thickness,and the taste is tender,smooth and sweet.The contents of soluble solid,total sugar,total acid,vitamin C,and crude fiber are 11.5%,10%,0.21%,1.01 mg·g^(-1) and 0.6%,respectively.When the tissue culture seedlings were planted in the Pearl River Delta Region in spring,the period from planting to first flowering was about 63 d,and the first fruit insertion height,defined as the distance from the ground to peduncle of the first fruit at harvest time,was about 34.5 cm.The period from planting to first harvesting,defined as the earliest fruit reaching color break stage,was about 180 d.This cultivar had strong ability of continuous fruit setting and high yield performance.Fruit setting rate at node position was 92.2%.In the year of planting,61.8 fruits were harvested per plant,including 56.4 commercial fruits,and the commercial fruit rate was 91.3%.The average yield per plant was 64.4 kg in the year of planting,and the yield was 115.92 t·hm^(-2) in the case of planting 1800 plants.The cultivar had strong adaptability to the environment,but it was susceptible to papaya ring-spot virus disease.The storage period of fruit at room temperature was 7 days.It was suitable for cultivation in papaya production areas in Guangdong province and additional similar ecological areas.It is suggested to adopt rotation or plant in the new field.The orchards should be established in new fields with PRSV free,good drainage and irrigation,fertile and loose soil,and more than 500 m distance from other papaya orchards.The healthy tissue culture seedlings with 6-8 functional leaves and well-developed roots should be selected to plant to ensure the consistency of seed and plant characteristics.Spacing in the rows and between rows are(1.8-2.0)m×(2.5-2.6)m.This cultivar has the characteristics of short and strong plant and low minimum fruit-bearing height,so it is not suitable to be planted by pulling slope.It is suggested that water and fertilizer integration and plastic film covering technology should be used for high efficiency management of fertilizer and water and grass control.In the process of management,side buds should be removed in time,and flowers and fruits should be thinned out to reserve 1-2 normal fruits at each node according to the actual needs of production and management level.The control of ring spot virus disease,root rot disease,red spider and aphid is the key of prevention of diseases and insect pests.