西番莲新品种桂百一号的选育

Breeding report of a new passionfruit cultivar Guibai No.1

桂百一号是以台农一号西番莲为母本、紫果西番莲为父本杂交育成的西番莲优良鲜食新品种。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量67.50 g,成熟果实果皮浅紫红色到深紫红色,果皮较硬。果实果肉橙黄色,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)15.70%,总糖含量12.70 g·100 g^(-1),可滴定酸含量1.81%,维生素C含量9.91 mg·100 g^(-1),可食率54.28%,果汁率45.74%。该品种生长势中等,在广西南宁地区开花期为3月底至7月初和8月初至12月底,花期长,果实生育期65~90 d。自交亲和性好,年平均株产15.10 kg,每666.7 m^(2)产量为1661 kg,丰产稳产;比父母本更耐低温及高温。该品种开花对温度不敏感,可在广西、广东、海南、云南、贵州等西番莲适宜区种植,推荐采用网室栽培模式,以便实现高产优质。

Guibai No.1 is a new table passionfruit cultivar that derived from the cross of Tainong No.1 and the purple passion.Fruit(Passiflora edulis Sim).In April 2013,the hybridization was carried out between Tainong No.1 and the purple passion fruit in the Horticultural Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science.The traits of flowering and fruiting characteristics,single fruit weight,self-compatibility rate,soluble content and titratable acid were used as the criteria to screen hybrid progenies.In August 2014,a superior line‘YY15-1’was selected with traits of good flowering and fruiting characteristics,self-compatibility and comprehensive fruit quality.Consecutive comparison tests and production adaptability tests from 2016 to 2018 showed that,the superior line had some good characters,such as insensitive flowering,long flowering period,high flower buds to retention under summer high temperature season,and high solid/acid ratio.In 2021,it was certified by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(the variety right number is CNA20191004774).The new cultivar is a perennial tendril plant with medium growth vigor,purple-green cylindrical rattan,green and serrated leaves with palmate trifid and cleft in medium depth,two nectarines adjacent to the leaf base,serrated bracts,and white petals,and medium sized flower and fruit.The fruit shape is oblate,and the average weight of a single fruit is 67.50 g,with pink purplish red to deep purplish rind,the fruit tastes sweet with acidity and complex aroma.The content of soluble solids is 15.70%,total sugar is 12.70 g·100 g^(-1),titratable acid is 1.81%,vitamin C is 9.91 mg·100 g^(-1) of the fruit juice,the edible rate is 54.28% and the juice recovery is 45.74%.The cultivar has medium growth vigor and a long flowering period,it has good self-compatibility,flower-forming and fruit-setting.Consecutive observation from 2016 to 2018 showed that,at a plant spacing of 2 m×3 m or 110 plants per 666.7 m^(2),the cultivar produced two crops in a year with an annual average yield of 15.10 kg per plant,or 1661.0 kg per 666.7 m^(2).The flower and fruit of Guibai No.1 have a stronger resistance to high temperature and low temperature than its parents.This cultivar is suitable for planting in Guangxi,Guangdong,Hainan,Yunnan,Guizhou and other areas suitable fro passionfruit.Virus and stem base rot disease have a great influence on the yield and quality of passion fruit.Therefore,it is advisable to plant healthy grafted seedings without virus with the yellow passionfruit as rootstock.