资本主义治理危机与生命政治:逻辑、话语与实践

The Crisis of Capitalist Governance and Biopolitics: Logic, Discourse and Practice

当前西方资本主义治理危机频发的根源在于其主导性的生命政治逻辑。生命政治逻辑具有双重面向:表面上,它表现为权力照管生命,由此生产着资本主义治理的正当性;实际上,它表现为权力对生命的赤裸化,借以实现其操控生命的目的。这种逻辑在构建自由主义权利话语的奠基性文本中既已形成,亦经此而铭刻进西方治理的现代化进程之中。代议民主制是生命政治逻辑在治理实践中的具体展开机制。然而,民主的意识形态性价值遮掩了其实践价值,代议导致了代表与人民之间关系的异化。生命政治逻辑具有自反性特征,它决定了资本主义治理不可避免地陷入“治—乱”格局的循环往复之中。有鉴于此,我国的治理现代化应当自觉规避生命政治逻辑,开创全新的治理范式和现代化路径。

At present, the fundamental cause of frequent crisis in western capitalist governance is its dominant biopolitical logic. Biopolitical logic has two faces: apparently, it appears as power which takes care of life, hence producing the legitimacy of capitalist governance;in fact, it manifests power and reduces human life into bare life so that it can govern life. This kind of logic had been formed in some foundational texts which construct liberalist right discourse, and accordingly are inscribed into the process of modernization of western governance. Representative democracy is the specific deployment mechanism of biological logic in governance practice. However, the ideological value of democracy hides its practical value, representation leads to the alienation of the relationship between representatives and people.Biological logic has the feature of reflexivity, which leads capitalist governance inevitably fall into the cycle of “governance-disorder” pattern. For that reason, our modernization of state governance ought to consciously avoid biological logic, and create a new governance paradigm and path to modernization.