艺术走进哲学与哲学走向艺术——伽达默尔艺术思想中的解释学论证与意义理解

Art Enters Philosophy and Future Human Philosophy——Gadamer’s Hermeneutic Argument and Significance Understanding of Artistic Thought

艺术经验作为通向事物本身意义和事实性真理的一种特殊经验方式,是伽达默尔创建哲学解释学的思想切入点,并由此引向精神科学真理问题,真理成为了一种意义理解的经验事件,这从根本上改变了传统哲学真理观,也使长期被哲学所贬低和歧视的艺术真正走进了哲学,艺术不再游离于哲学之外,而成为了哲学的核心性论题。而反过来哲学走向艺术经验又使得哲学以改变了自身的方式重新焕发出生命力,哲学返回到了人的存在的具体的生命经验之中。伽达默尔此双维度思考使得艺术经验作为一种内含着事实性的直接呈现方式,展现出了对科学意识的最严重的挑战,也使哲学的存在论和真理论问题最终变成了一种解释学问题。艺术经验的亲近性、直接性和不受时间限制的当下性,保证了人与存在、真理之间不再具有遥不可及的距离,真理就在人们的艺术经验、历史经验中向人们发生和显露,世界本身就是在相互交往中被经验并且作为一种无限开放的任务不断地交付给我们。艺术不再是哲学骄傲自负的敌手,哲学—艺术一体化,既改变了艺术,也改变了哲学,并构成人类未来哲学重要思想方向和呈现方式。

As a special way of experience leading to the meaning of things themselves and the truth of facts,artistic experience is the starting point of Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, and leads to the problem of truth in spiritual science. Truth becomes an experience event of meaning understanding, which fundamentally changes the traditional philosophical view of truth and makes art really enter philosophy which has long been belittled and discriminated by philosophy, art is also no longer dissociated from philosophy, but has become the core of philosophy. On the contrary, when philosophy enters into art experience, philosophy reawakens its vitality by changing itself, and philosophy returns to the concrete life experience of human existence. Gadamer’s two-dimensional thinking makes artistic experience, as a direct way of presenting facts, presents the most serious challenge to scientific consciousness, and finally turns philosophical ontology and truth theory into a hermeneutic problem. The closeness, directness and immediacy of artistic experience ensure that there is no longer an unreachable distance between man and existence and truth. Truth occurs and reveals to people in artistic experience and historical experience,and the world itself is experienced in mutual communication and is continuously delivered to us as an infinitely open task. Art is no longer the proud enemy of philosophy, the integration of philosophy and art has changed both art and philosophy, and constitutes an important ideological direction and presentation mode of future human philosophy.