教育理论如何把握现实——基于《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》对教育理论现实性的审思

How Educational Theories Grasp the Reality:On the Reality of Educational Theory Based on“Theses On Feuerbach”

传统教育学在理解教育理论与实践时往往拘于教科书体系,将二者的关系直观地思考和理解了。这种直观式思维一方面把教育实践看作教育学概念的直观表象,另一方面把教育理论看作对教育现实的直观反映,从而不可避免地造成对教育理论现实性的解释困难。为此,马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中集中批判了旧唯物主义的直观式思维,主张以回归历史的实践思维认识理论的现实意义。借鉴这种思考,教育理论只有在聚焦教育意义的合法性批判、关注人在教育实践中的体验、坚持历史与实践的统一中才能树立直面现实的问题意识,真正实现改造现实的使命和价值。

Traditional pedagogy often sticks to the textbook system in understanding educational theory and practice,and intuitively ponders and understands the relationship between theory and practice.On the one hand,this kind of intuitive thinking regards educational practice as an intuitive representation of the concept of pedagogy,on the other hand,it regards educational theory as an intuitive reflection of educational reality,which leads to the inevitable difficulty in explaining the reality of educational theory.Marx criticized the intuitive thinking of the traditional materialism in his Theses On Feuerbach,and advocated the practical thinking through returning to history.Drawing on this thinking,only by focusing on the legal criticism of educational significance,paying attention to experience of educational practice,and adhering to the unity of history and practice can educational theory sort out the problem consciousness of facing reality and truly realize the mission and value of transforming educational reality.