职业教育在农村社会发展中“脱嵌”的历史社会学分析

A Historical Sociological Analysis of the"De-embedding"of Vocational Education in Rural Social Development

乡村振兴战略赋予职业教育非常重要的角色和新的历史使命。但现实中,职业教育与乡村社会发展“脱嵌”,“离农”和“去农”倾向严重。运用历史社会学分析框架,探讨职业教育在农村社会发展中“脱嵌”的原因,发现近代新式教育的设立成为教育与农村社会发展和社会流动关系的转折点;新式教育影响下农村社会流动的单向性是造成教育“脱嵌”的直接原因;教育“脱嵌”的后果是造成农村人才撂荒、社会发展停滞。对此进行分析,既是当前职业教育改革突破困境的内在需要,也是推动职业教育服务于乡村振兴发展的基本要求。

The rural revitalization strategy gives vocational education a very important role and a new historical mission.However,in reality,vocational education and rural social development have a serious tendency to"de-embed","leave the farm"and"away the farm".Using the historical sociological analysis framework to explore the reasons for the"de-embedding"of vocational education in rural social development,it is found that the establishment of modern new-style education has become a turning point in the relationship between education and rural social development and mobility;the one-way nature of rural social mobility under the influence of new-style education is the direct cause of the"de-embedding"of education;the consequence of"de-embedding"of education is to cause the shortage of rural talents and the stagnation of social development.The analysis is not only the inherent need of the current reform and development of vocational education and the breakthrough of the predicament,but also the basic requirement for promoting vocational education to serve the revitalization and development of rural areas.