碱熔法前处理在地矿及环境样品中无机元素分析测试的研究进展

Research Progress of Alkali Fusion in the Detection of Inorganic Pollutants

碱熔法能够高效、完全地分解炉渣、煤灰、矿石、大气颗粒物等类型的样品,适合测定多种金属元素及氟、硅、磷、硫等非金属元素。论述了碱熔法基本原理,讨论了熔剂选择、坩埚选择、熔融温度和时间、基体效应对碱熔法的影响,介绍了碱熔法近年来在土壤沉积物、固体废物、大气颗粒物、炉渣、矿石、煤等样品中常量元素、氟、稀土元素、超铀元素检测中的研究进展,并对碱熔法前处理技术在环境监测领域及地矿分析中的发展趋势及应用前景进行了展望。

Alkali fusion can efficiently decompose residue,coal,ore,particulate matters and other samples.In particular,alkali fusion is suitable for the determination of various metallic elements and specific non-metallic elements such as fluorine,silicon,phosphorus,and sulfur.Hence,the mechanism of alkali melting fusion was expounded and the impact factors of alkali melting method such as flux selection,crucible selection,melting temperature/time in addition with matrix effect were discussed.Further,the application and research progress of alkali melting method on the detection of major elements,fluorine,rare earth elements(REEs)and trans uranium elements in soil,sediments,solid wastes,atmospheric particles,slag,ore and coal were reviewed,and the prospects of alkali fusion in the field of environmental monitoring and mining were proposed.