电焊作业对工人健康的影响及相关因素分析

Analysis of occupational health and related factors of welding workers

目的 调查电焊作业对工人健康的影响,并探讨相关影响因素。方法 选择机械、造船等15个工厂的电焊作业工人为暴露组(470人),同工厂后勤行政人员为对照组(512人),进行职业健康检查,进行健康调查及分析。结果 对照组年龄为(28.6±8.4)岁,暴露组年龄为(29.0±9.2)岁;暴露组肝功能和高仟伏胸片检查结果异常率分别为20.2%、5.7%,明显高于对照组的14.1%和1.6%(P<0.05)。暴露组血压、血常规、心电图、肺功能、听力损失、尿锰、尿常规的异常率分别为6.8%(21/470)、34.3%(161/470)、38.7%(182/470)、18.1%(85/470)、30.6%(144/470)、21.9%(103/470)、12.8%(60/470)。经相关分析,饮酒和年龄是血压异常的影响因素(P<0.05),性别、饮酒和吸烟是心电图异常的影响因素(P<0.05),年龄和工龄是肺功能异常的影响因素(P<0.05),性别和吸烟是听力损失异常的的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 电焊作业危害作业工人的健康,应加强职业卫生防护。

Objective To investigate the health status of welding workers, and to analyse the influence factors of health hazard. Methods The health survey and occupational health examination were conducted on 512 healthy adults(control group)who had not been exposed to occupational toxic and harmful factors and 470 welding workers(exposure group)from 15 factories such as machinery and shipbuilding. Results The average age of the control group was(28.6±8.4)years, and that of the exposed group was(29.0±9.2)years. The prevalence of abnormal liver function and high kilovar chest x-ray results in the exposed group were 20.2% and 5.7%,respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group(14.1% and 1.6%,respectively)(P<0.05). The abnormal rates of blood pressure, blood routine, electrocardiogram(ECG),lung function, hearing loss, urinary manganese and urine routine were 6.8%(21/470),34.3%(161/470),38.7%(182/470),18.1%(85/470),30.6%(144/470),21.9%(103/470)and 12.8%(60/470),respectively. Alcohol consumption and age were the influential factors of abnormal blood pressure(P<0.05). Gender, alcohol consumption and smoking were the influential factors of abnormal ECG(P<0.05). Age and service years were the influential factors of abnormal lung function(P<0.05). Gender and smoking were the influential factors of abnormal hearing loss(P<0.05). Conclusion Welding operation is significantly harmful to the health of workers, and occupational health protection should be strengthened.