2019年上海某区噪声暴露工人高频听力损失及其影响因素分析

Analyzing the incidence and risk factors forhigh-frequency hearing lossand its risk factors among workers exposed to noise in a district of Shanghai in 2019

目的 了解上海市某区在岗噪声作业人员中的高频听力损失,分析其影响因素。方法 选取2019年在上海市某区噪声暴露在岗工人为调查对象,通过调查问卷调查噪声暴露工人噪声暴露情况及听力检测数据分析高频听力损失发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析高频听力损失的相关影响因素。结果 2019年该区在岗噪声职业健康检查人数为13 796人,高频听力损失720人,检出率为5.23%。男性(OR=2.387)、年龄(30~39岁:OR=3.027;40~49岁:OR=7.765;≥50岁:OR=10.292)、工龄(10~19 a:OR=2.085;≥20 a:OR=2.060)、吸烟(OR=2.902);企业规模(小型和微型:OR=2.394)、经济类型(私营:OR=1.581)、行业类型(其他制造业:OR=1.600;通用设备制造业:OR=1.896;金属制品业:OR=2.477;造船业:OR=3.058)、与噪声联合暴露(OR=1.508)是噪声暴露工人高频听力损失的影响因素。结论 该区噪声作业高频听力损失情况不容乐观,男性、年龄≥30岁、工龄≥10 a、吸烟、小微、私营、造船业、与噪声联合暴露的工人应该重点关注,强化个人防护,减少职业性噪声聋的发生。

Objective To understand the incidenceand risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss among workers exposed to noise in a district of Shanghai. Methods Workers exposed to noise in Shanghai in 2019 were selected as subjects.Perform pure tone hearing threshold test was used to measurehigh-frequency hearing loss, and question naire survey wasused toinves tigate the exposure history of workers. Multi-factor logistic regression model was utilized to analyze risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss. Results In 2019,a total number of13,796 workers receiving occupational physical examination, and 720(5.23%)workers were diagnosed as high-frequency hearing loss.It was found that male(OR=2.387),age(30-39:OR=3.027;40-49:OR=7.765;≥50:OR=10.292),working experience(10-19 a: OR=2.085;≥20 a: OR=2.060),smoking(OR=2.902);enterprise size(small and micro: OR=2.394),economic type(private: OR=1.581),industry type(other manufacturing industry: OR= 1.600;general equipment manufacturing industry: OR=1.896;metal products industry: OR=2.477;shipbuilding industry: OR=3.058),noise exposure(OR=1.508)weretrisk factors forhigh-frequency hearing loss innoise-exposed workers. Conclusions The situation of high-frequency hearing loss among occupational workers in this area is not optimistic.In order to reduce the incidence ofnoise deafness, much attention should be paid to male workers and workers with age≥30 years old, working age≥10 a, or with smoking habits, and the noise-exposed workers working in small, micro, or private enterprises, especially in shipbuilding enterprises should be paid attention to, and personal protection against noise exposure should be strengthened.