海岛渔民海上作业伤害流行特征及影响因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of occupational injuries among island fishermen

目的 调查浙江省舟山海岛新区渔民海上作业伤害特征及现场急救处置情况,分析创伤现场急救处置过程中可能存在的问题,为急救该类患者提供帮助提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月-2019年12月舟山医院急诊科就诊有完整院前病历记录的意外伤害病例,符合纳入标准的共计227例,采用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果 舟山渔民海上作业伤害者以男性渔民为主,年龄主要为46~60岁,文化水平以小学以下为主;每年2-4月、9-11月为海上作业伤害发生的主要时间段;伤害类型前三位分别是跌伤、扭伤77例(占33.9%),钝器伤65例(占28.6%),坠落伤46例(占20.3%);受伤部位以上肢(89例,占39.2%)及头部(54例,占23.8%)为主;重伤和轻伤病程平均时间数值分别为(21.2±20.1)h、(4.4±3.8)h,重伤比轻伤病程平均时间明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),伤害程度与受伤害病程时间成正比;予以现场急救处置者轻伤例数明显高于重伤,予以现场急救处置与未予急救处置的重伤率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 相关部门应加强渔民海上作业监管及安全作业风险防范培训力度,制定有针对性的应急预案,从而提高院前急救的成功率。

Objective Investigate the characteristics of injuries caused by fishermen working at sea in Zhoushan Island New District of Zhejiang Province and the situation of first aid treatment on the spot, and to analyze the possible problems in the process of first aid treatment on the spot.Methods A retrospective analysis of 227 cases of fishermen in the Zhoushan Island New District who met the inclusion criteria from January 2019 to December 2019,with complete records of pre-hospital medical records, was conducted, data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results In Zhoushan, male fishermen were the majority of the victims, whose ages ranged from 46 to 60 years old and whose education level was below primary school. The top three injury types were sprain/fell and hurt(77 cases, 33.9%),blunt injury(65 cases, 28.6%),injury by falling from height(46 cases, 20.3%). Upper limb injury(89 cases, 39.2%)and head injury(54 cases, 23.8%)were accounted for major injured parts. The average duration of serious injury and slight injury were(21.2±20.1)h and(4.4±3.8)h, respectively. The average duration of serious injury was significantly longer than that of the slight injury(P<0.05)The slight injury rate of the patients treated with first aid on the spot was significantly higher than that of the patients treated with serious injury. Conclusion The relevant departments should strengthen the supervision of fishermen at sea and the training of risk prevention in safe operation, and work out the corresponding emergency plan, so as to improve the success rate of pre-hospital first aid.