机械制造企业噪声接触工人的血压和血脂现状与分析

Current status and analysis of blood pressure and blood lipids of workers exposed to noise in machinery manufacturing enterprises

目的 了解机械制造企业噪声接触工人的血压和血脂状况,探讨噪声接触工人血压和血脂异常的影响因素。方法 选取广西4家机械制造企业的1 286名噪声接触一线工人作为研究组,选择同单位的385名行政与后勤人员作为对照组。采用自制一般资料量表进行问卷调查,并对研究对象的血压和血脂资料进行分析。结果 研究组血压和血脂异常检出率分别为51.63%、59.64%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中研究组工龄为5~10、11~15及>15 a的3个工龄段工人的血压异常检出率分别为49.89%、56.78%、66.67%,血脂异常检出率分别为57.62%、74.68%、78.74%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示,男性、年龄大、高分贝作业、高温接触、吸烟、饮酒和工龄长是噪声接触工人血压和血脂异常的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 机械制造企业噪声接触工人的血压和血脂异常检出率较高,职业因素中高分贝作业、高温接触和工龄长均是其影响因素。

Objective Understand the blood pressure and blood lipids status of noise-exposed workers in machinery manufacturing enterprises, and explore the influencing factors of blood pressure and blood lipid abnormalities of noise-exposed workers. Methods A total of 1 286 noise-exposed workers from 4 machinery manufacturing companies in Guangxi were selected as the exposure group, and 385 administrative and logistics personnel from the same unit were selected as the control group. A self-made general data scale was used for questionnaire survey, and the blood pressure and blood lipids were compared between two groups. Results The detection rates of abnormal blood pressure and blood lipids in the exposure group were 51.63% and 59.64%,which were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the control group(42.67%、45.97%). Among them, the detection rates of abnormal blood pressure among the three working-age workers in the research group with working years of 5-10,11-15,and>15 years were 49.89%,56.78%,and 66.67%,respectively, detection rates of dyslipidemia were 57.62%,74.68%,78.74%,respectively. Significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that Male, advanced age, high decibel work, high temperature exposure, smoking, drinking, and long working years were the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure and blood lipids of noise-exposed workers(P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure and blood lipids among workers exposed to noise in machinery manufacturing enterprises was relatively high. Among the occupational factors, high-decibel operation, high-temperature exposure, and long working years are all influencing factors of blood pressure and blood lipids.