对甘蔗制糖噪声的3种风险评估方法研究

Research on three risk assessment methods of noise exposure in sugarcane sugar production

目的 探讨3种风险评估方法在甘蔗制糖噪声危害预测的应用,比较不同评估方法的差异,以期为噪声风险评估与管理提供科学依据。方法 选择南宁某甘蔗制糖生产企业的分蜜岗位为研究对象,使用EASC-IHSTAT软件进行噪声检测数据分析,结合噪声职业健康检查结果,应用我国职业病危害作业分级、澳大利亚职业安全健康危险度评估方法、国际标准化组织(ISO)噪声引起的听力损失评估法对其噪声危害进行风险评估,对评估结果进行分析。结果 检测数据统计分析显示,分蜜岗位噪声8 h等效声级为(86.7±1.6)dB(A),检测及统计超标率分别为88.9%、84.5%,噪声暴露风险不可接受。3种风险评估方法中,我国职业病危害作业分级结果为Ⅰ级轻度危害,适用于噪声严重健康危害后果评估;澳大利亚职业安全健康危险度评估中高频听力损失为重大风险、职业性噪声聋为高风险,更适用于评估噪声轻微健康危害后果;ISO噪声引起的听力损失评估体现了动态变化,随着年龄的增长,高频听阈偏移风险由高降低到可接受、职业性噪声聋风险由可接受上升到中等,评估结果更准确且更具客观性。结论 3种方法在甘蔗制糖噪声风险评估中均有一定适用性,可根据需求单独或综合应用。

Objective This research aims at providing scientific proofs for the noise risk assessment and management by discussing the application of three risk assessment methods in the prediction of noise hazards of cane sugar manufacture and comparing the differences of various assessment methods. Methods Sugar-separating workers from a sugarcane producer in Nanning were chosen as the research object.The risk assessment of its noise hazards was conducted and analyzed through the EASC-IHSTAT software combining with the results of the noise occupational health examination. Standards adopted in this research includes the Classification of Occupational Hazards at Workplace by Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China, the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems by Australia and the Acoustics-Estimation of Noise-induced Hearing Loss by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). Results The statistical analysis of the detection data shows that the 8 h equivalent sound level at the sugar-separating position is(86.7±1.6)dB(A),which exceeding the standard rate by 88.9% and 84.5% respectively, and the risk of noise exposure was unacceptable. According to the Classification of Occupational Hazards at Workplace by Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China, the classification result is grade I Mild Hazard, which is applicable to the consequences assessment of serious health hazards from noise. Under the guidance of the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems by Australia, high-frequency hearing loss ranks a significant risk while occupational noise deafness a high risk, which is more suitable for assessing the consequences of minor health hazards from noise.Besides, the Acoustics-Estimation of Noise-induced Hearing Loss by the ISO reflects dynamic changes. With the increase of age, the risk of high-frequency hearing threshold deviation decreases from high to acceptable, and the risk of occupational noise deafness increases from acceptable to medium. The evaluation results are more accurate and objective. Conclusion There is certain applicability in each noise risk assessment method of cane sugar manufacture, which can be applied individually or comprehensively according to requirements.