宋朝街坊制对现代商业街道适应性管理的启示:基于对《清明上河图》的解读

The Enlightenment of the Jiefang System in Song Dynasty to the Adaptive Management of Modern Street:Based on the Interpretation of the Drawing of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

我国唐朝里坊制到宋朝街坊制的更替是古代城市发展进程中的重要变革,也是“街”和“市”走向开放共享、品质提升的关键节点,对于提升现代商业街道适应性管理具有很好的启示和借鉴意义,在当前新冠肺炎疫情防控常态化阶段倡导恢复街道经济活力更有深远意义。结合对《清明上河图》进行的多视角解读,从建筑形式和功能改变审视市坊制度的瓦解、从各类“侵街”现象总结商业空间的延伸与扩张模式、从街市广告招牌形式反映宋朝夜市经济的繁荣等,深入解析从唐朝里坊制到宋朝街坊制的空间变革及动因,并基于此提出提升现代街道适应性管理的相关建议:商业街道规划管治应遵循韧性原则,“侵街”现象需要政府部门适度控制和引导,鼓励发展夜间经济和依法监管应双管齐下。

The commodity economy in the Song Dynasty of China was very prosperous.The change from the Lifang system in the Tang Dynasty to the Jiefang system in the Song Dynasty was an important change in the historical process of the development of ancient cities,and it was also a key node in the street and city towards the quality improvement,which was important to improve the adaptive management of modern streets.In this article,the changes from the Lifang system in the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty are analyzed through three aspects:continuous space expansion,gradually opening up through time and flexible management of commercial streets.Based on the Song Dynasty’s Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival,this paper conducts a multi-angle interpretation,including the collapse of the Lifang system from the perspective of its architectural form and function changes,the extension of commercial space from the phenomena of"business and trade overstepping the boundary into the street",and the prosperity of the night economy from the form of advertising signs.Some suggestions are put forward for improving the adaptive management of modern commercial streets as follows.Firstly,the management of commercial streets should follow the principle of resilience.Secondly,the phenomenon of"invasion of streets"should be controlled and guided moderately.Thirdly,the night-time commercial economy could be encouraged under supervision.