主观感知的寒地城市住区冬季环境对老年人身心健康的影响——以体力活动为中介变量的实证检验

Perceived Neighborhood Environment in Winter and Health of Elderly Residents in the Winter City:The Mediating Effect of Physical Activity

寒地城市冬季严酷的气候条件对老年人身心健康状况及健康行为产生不利影响。相比于客观建成环境,主观感知环境对老年人具有独特的健康影响效应,具体作用路径有待深入探究。基于哈尔滨市9个小区的调查数据,使用结构方程模型纳入不同类型的体力活动作为中介变量,探索主观感知的寒地城市住区冬季环境对老年人身体、心理健康的影响因素及路径。结果表明:控制个体特征后,功能性和安全性对老年人身心健康均产生显著影响,美观性、可达性分别对老年人身体、心理健康产生显著影响;主观感知环境通过直接与间接两种途径作用于老年人身心健康;间接影响中,不同类型的体力活动起到差异性中介作用。以期厘清寒地城市住区冬季环境对老年人健康结果的影响路径,为寒地城市适老化住区更新提供有益借鉴。

The climate conditions of winter cities have special impacts on elderly residents’health and behaviors.Compared with the objective built environment,the perceived environment has a unique health effect on elderly residents.Based on the survey of 9 typical neighborhoods in Harbin,this study uses the structural equation model(SEM)to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of the perceived neighborhood environment in winter on the physical and mental health of elderly residents in the winter city.The study finds that after controlling individual attributes of residence,the perceived neighborhood environment has a significant impact on both physical and mental health of the elderly.Aesthetic factors,functional factors and safety factors have an impact on the elderly residents’physical health.Accessibility factors,functional factors and safety factors have an impact on the elderly residents’mental health.The perceived neighborhood environment influences the physical and mental health of the elderly through direct and indirect ways.In the indirect effect,different physical activities play different mediating roles.The research results are conducive to clarifying the influence path of winter environment of neighborhoods in winter cities on the health outcomes of the elderly,and providing a useful reference for the renewal of aging-suitable neighborhoods in winter cities.