积极应对人口老龄化战略下适老化出行的建成环境研究

Examining the Built Environment Suitable for the Elderly’s Travel under the Background of the National Strategy"Actively Addressing Population Aging"

党的十九届五中全会将积极应对人口老龄化上升到最高层级的国家战略,全方位地做好应对老龄化的各种准备、满足老年人多元需求由此成为国家中心工作之一。移动性与老年人的身心健康、生活质量及福祉息息相关,其受到社区建成环境的直接影响。基于2015年福建省厦门市居民出行调查数据,提取12082个60岁及以上的老年人样本,建立多层二元logit和多层负二项回归模型,识别影响老年人出行倾向和次数(频率)的建成环境要素。结果表明:(1)土地利用混合度与老年人移动性正相关;(2)商业设施可达性与老年人移动性正相关;(3)人口密度和公交线路密度对老年人移动性的影响较为复杂,存在提升移动性的最优取值区间;(4)社会经济属性和建成环境对出行倾向和次数的影响较为相似,但也有所差异。

In October 2020,the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed the national strategy"actively addressing population aging".Therefore,making great preparations for population aging and satisfying the needs of older adults become the core work of China now.The mobility of the elderly,which is closely related to their physical and mental health,quality of life,and wellbeing,is directly affected by the built environment.Based on the 2015 Xiamen Travel Survey data,this study develops a multilevel binary logit model and a multilevel negative binomial regression model to identify the built environment correlating with travel propensity and trip frequency of older adults.The results show that:(1)Mixed land use positively affects the mobility of older adults;(2)Accessibility to the commercial center positively affects the mobility of older adults;(3)The relationship between population density,bus route density,and the mobility of older adults is complex.There is an optimal mobility-enhancing range for the two built environment variables;and(4)The effects of socioeconomic and built-environment variables on the travel propensity and trip frequency are similar.